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SFM1 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

Oxazolinadone examples

A

linezolid, tedizolid

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2
Q

Macrolides mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitors (50S)

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3
Q

Good MSSA or group A strep abx

A

any of MRSA (vancomycin not as well), amoxicillin(+clavulanate), cephalexin (1st gen cef)

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4
Q

Lincosamides coverage

A

Staph, MRSA, strep, anaerobes above diaphragm

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5
Q

Vancomycin coverage

A

Almost all gram + including MRSA but NOT MSSA (at least not as well), C. diff (PO), no gram -

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6
Q

Name some narrow spectrum penicillins and their coverage

A

Penicillin G: strep, syphilis, a few others including some gram negatives

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7
Q

Good MRSA abx

A

IV/severe: Vancomycin and daptomycin

Oral/not severe: ceftaroline, linezolid, clindamycin, doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim or Septra)

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8
Q

Chloramphenicol mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

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9
Q

Sulfa drugs and trimethoprim mechanism

A

folic acid synthesis inhibitor, sulfonamides= tetrahydroptoic acid synthetase inhibitor (1st step), trimethoprim= dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (2nd step), usually used together trimethoprim/sulfonamide

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10
Q

5th gen cefs and their coverage

A

ceftaroline: MRSA, NO pseudomonas

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11
Q

Aminoglycosides adverse events

A

acute tubular necrosis, ototoxicity

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12
Q

No cephalosporins have coverage for…

A

enterococcus

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13
Q

Aminoglycosides coverage

A

gram negatives, synergy for gram positives, pneumonia

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14
Q

Name some broad spectrum penicillins and their coverage

A

aminopenicillins+beta-lactamase inhibitor: amox/clav, amp/sulfbactam; all streps, MSSA, some gram - and anaerobes

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15
Q

Tetracyclines/glycycycline mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor (30S)

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16
Q

3rd gen cefs and their coverage

A

ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, etc.: MSSA, strep, more gram negatives (HNPEK), ceftazidime for psuedomonas

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17
Q

Chloramphenicol coverage

A

broad, often used for meningitis (in other countries)

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18
Q

Best beta-lactam for pseudomonas

A

ceftazidime (3rd gen cephalosporin)

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19
Q

1st gen cefs and their coverage

A

cefazolin, MSSA, strep, a few gram negatives (PEK)

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20
Q

Tetracyclines/glycycycline examples

A

doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline

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21
Q

2nd gen cefs and their coverage

A

cefuroxime, cefoxitime, MSSA, strep, more gram negatives (HPEK)

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22
Q

Daptomycin coverage

A

almost all gram + including MRSA, VRSA, no gram -, no pneumonia (inactivated by surfactant)

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23
Q

Oxazolinadone adverse events

A

bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis, serotonin syndrome (MAOI)

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24
Q

Lincosamides examples

A

clindamycin

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25
Aminoglycosides mechanism
protein synthesis inhibitor (30S)
26
Class, prefix/suffix: penicillins
beta-lactam, -cillin
27
Macrolides examples
erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
28
4th gen cefs and their coverage
cefepime: MSSA, strep, more gram + (SPACE), gram negatives (HNPEK) + pseudomonas
29
Mechanism: beta-lactams
cell wall synthesis inhibitor; inhibits transpeptidase
30
Lincosamides mechanism
protein synthesis inhibitor (50S)
31
Daptomycin mechanism
inserts channels into cell membrane, bacteriocidal, lipopeptide
32
A drug ending in "bactam" does what?
beta-lactamase inhibitor
33
Class, prefix/suffix: carbanepams
beta-lactam, -penem
34
Sulfa drugs and trimethoprim adverse events
SJS/TEN, hypersensitivity, sulfonamide crystalluria, renal failure, hyperkalemia, aplastic anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, GI, newborn brain injury
35
Macrolides coverage
strep pneumonia, non-TB myco, chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella, pertussis, H. pylori
36
Daptomycin adverse events
Skeletal myopathy, occasionally eosinophilic pneumonia
37
Sulfa drugs and trimethoprim spectrum
MRSA, MSSA, strep(?), gram negatives, nocardia, toxoplasmosis
38
Tetracyclines/glycycycline coverage
MRSA, community-acquired pneumonia (strep and h. flu), lyme, chlamydia, leptospirosis, rickets
39
Class, prefix/suffix: cephalosporins
beta-lactam, cef-
40
Only beta-lactam that treats MRSA
ceftaroline (5th gen cephalosporin)
41
Macrolides adverse events
QTc prolongation, GI
42
Class, prefix/suffix: monobactams
beta-lactam, -onam; azetronam is the only one
43
Oxazolinadone mechanism
protein synthesis inhibitor (70S)
44
Vancomycin mechanism
similar to beta lactams but a glycopeptide
45
Tetracyclines/glycycycline adverse events
photosensitivity, pill esophagitis (hard to swallow)
46
Oxazolinadone coverage
all gram + including MRSA, C. diff
47
Name some antistaphylococcal penicillins and their coverage
nafcillin, oxacillin - MSSA and other gram +, NO gram -; medium-spectrum
48
Vancomycin adverse effects
infusion reaction, nephrotoxicity
49
Sulfa drugs and trimethoprim resistance mechanism
PABA (starting substrate) overproduction
50
Aminoglycosides examples
streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, tobramycin, amikacin
51
Chloramphenicol adverse events
many, not used much in US
52
Lincosamides adverse events
GI, can cause C. diff
53
Good abx for anaerobe infections
amox-clav, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, carbanepams
54
Good abx for gram negatives
Cephalosporins --> cefazolin (1st gen) = a few, cefuroxime (2nd gen) = a few more, ceftriaxone/ceftazidime (3rd gen) = a few more, ceftazidime for pseudomonas, 4th gen cefepine = broad gram - coverage. Fluoroquinolones: cipro > levo or moxi Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Metronidazole
55
Fluoroquinolones mechanism
DNA gyrase inhibitor
56
Fluoroquinolones coverage
cipro < moxi for gram negatives, moxi > cipro for gram positives, moxi > cipro general coverage, both pretty broad
57
Fluoroquinolones examples
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
58
Fluoroquinolones prefix/suffix
-floxacin
59
Fluoroquinolone adverse events
cartilage problems in children, generally safe for adults: GI, dizziness, insomnia, headache
60
Metronidazole mechanism
DNA breakage
61
Metronidazole adverse events
neurotoxicities, alcohol interactions
62
Metronidazole coverage
broad, anaerobes, gram negatives, bactericides, sometimes C. diff, yeast infections; resistance is rare
63
good anti-pseudomonals
piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clav, ceftazidime/avibactam/ceftolozone/tazobactam
64
good abx for C. diff
1st line: fidicomycin 2nd line: vanco (PO)+metro 3rd line: fecal transplant

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