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Pharma Tbilisi > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Abx classes affecting folic acid synthesis and reduction

A

Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim

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2
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting DNA integrity via free radicals

A

Metronidazole

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3
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting mRNA synthesis via RNA polymerase?

A

Rifampin

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4
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting DNA gyrase?

A

Fluoroquinolones

Quinolones

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5
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting membrane integrity?

A

Daptomycin

Polymixins

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6
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting cell wall synthesis?

A

Glycopeptides

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7
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting protein synthesis via 50S subunit?

A

Macrolides

Streptogramins

Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Linezolid

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8
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting protein synthesis via the 30S subunit

A

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

Glycylcyclines

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9
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting peptidoglycan cross-linking?

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Carbapenems

Monobactams

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10
Q

What are the beta lactams?

A

Penicillins

Carbapenems

Cephalosporins

Monobactams

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11
Q

Penicillins administration?

A

Penicillin G IV and IM

Penicillin V oral

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12
Q

Mechanisms of penicillins?

A

Structural analog of D-Ala-D-Ala so it binds to its enzyme in its place, preventing cross linking. Its enzyme is penicillin binding protein (PBP)

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13
Q

AEs of penicillins?

A

Hypersensitivity reactions

Hemolytic anaemia

Drug induced interstitial nephritis

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14
Q

Which penicillins are resistant to penicillinase?

A

Dicloxacillin

Nafcillin

Oxacillin

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15
Q

What is penicillinase and how can an antibiotic be resistant to it?

A

It is a type of beta lactamase

Resistance via a bulky R group

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16
Q

What is the anti pseudomonal penicillin?

A

Piperacillin

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17
Q

Mechanism of cephalosporins?

A

Same as penicillins but less susceptible to penicillinases

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18
Q

Names of cephalosporins?

A

Names start with cef or ceph

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19
Q

Name the beta lactamases?

A

Clavulanic acid

Avibactam

Sulbactam

Tazobactam

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20
Q

Names of carbapenems?

A

End in penem

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21
Q

How are carbapenems administered?

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A

Always given with cilastatin to reduce renal clearance

22
Q

Mechanism of carbapenems

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A

Same as penicillin but beta lactamase resistant

23
Q

Mechanism of atreonam?

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A

Same as penicillins

24
Q

Vancomycin mechanism?

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A

Same as penicillins

25
Name the aminoglycosides
Gentamicin Neomycin Amikacin Tobramycin Streptomycin GNATS
26
Mechanism of aminoglycosides?
Block the 30S subunit
27
Name tetracyclines
Tetracycline Doxycycline Minocycline
28
Mechanism of tetracyclines?
Binds to 30S subunit and prevents attachment of tRNA
29
Issues with tetracyclines?
Poorly absorbed if given with milk or antacids or iron containing preparations
30
What is Tigecycline?
A tetracycline derivative
31
Use of Tigecycline
Broad spectrum and good for antibiotic resistant pathogens
32
Mechanism of chloramphenicol?
Blocks peptidyltransferase in 50S subunit
33
Mechanism of Clindamycin?
Blocks peptide transfer at 50S subunit
34
AE of clindamycin?
Pseudomembranous colitis due to C. difficile overgrowth
35
Linezolid mechanism?
Binds 50S subunit and prevents initiation complex forming
36
Macrolides names
Azithromycin Clarithromycin Erythromycin Ending in thromycin
37
Name polymixins?
Colistin (polymixin E) Polymixin B
38
Mechanism of polymyxins
Cation polypeptide bind to phospholipids on cell membrane and disrupt cell membrane integrity
39
Sulfonamides names?
Start with sulfo or sulpho
40
Mechanism of sulfonamides
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase thus inhibiting folate synthesis
41
Damsons mechanism?
Similar to sulphonamides
42
Trimethoprim mechanism?
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
43
Fluoroquinolones names?
End in floxacin
44
Fluoroquinolones mechanism?
Inhibit topoisomerase II AKA DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
45
Daptomycin mechanism?
Lipopeptide that disrupts cell membranes
46
Metronidazole mechanism?
Forms toxic free radicals that damage the bacterial cell
47
Chlamydia drug of choice
Erythromycin
48
Aminoglycosides side effects?
Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Neuromuscular blockade
49
Antidote for aminoglycoside side effects?
calcium gluconate and neostigmine
50
Name neuraminidase inhibitors?
Oseltamivir (tamiflu) Zanamivir
51
How do neuraminidase inhibitors work?
Prevents cleaving and release of new virions
52
Acyclovir use?
Herpes virus

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