Pathology

Question 1

Seborrheic keratosis location and lesions?

Answer 1

On the trunk

Flat
Well demarcated
Round or oval
Dark, velvety surface
Stuck on

Question 2

Seborrheic dermatitis location and lesions?

Answer 2

Face or scalp

Red plaques
Scale

Question 3

Actinic keratosis

Answer 3

Papules or plaques
Round
Red brown

Question 4

Melanocytic nevus location and lesions?

Answer 4

Trunk

Tan/brown
Uniform colour
Round or oval
<6mm

Question 5

Dermatitis herpetiformis location and lesions?

Answer 5

Papules/vesicles in bilateral groups
Pruritic

Question 6

Urticaria?

Answer 6

Wheals- reddish white papules/plaques

Flares- surrounding erythema

Question 7

Squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 7

Early:
Plaques
Sharp borders
Scale

Late:
Bleed
Crust
Ulcerate

Question 8

Erythema nodosum location and lesions?

Answer 8

Shins

Erythematous nodules
Painful
Spreading slowly
Brown/purple

Question 9

Histology of psoriasis?

Answer 9

Munro microabscesses

Question 10

Histology of seborrheic keratosis?

Answer 10

Keratin filled cysts (horn cysts)

Question 11

Histology of actinic keratosis?

Answer 11

Hyperkeratosis
Parakeratosis
Epidermal cell dysplasia

Question 12

Histology of squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 12

Keratin pearls

Question 13

Prader-Willi syndrome?

Answer 13

Fat
Glutton
Hypotonia
Hypogonadism

Question 14

Angelman syndrome?

Answer 14

Frequent laughter

Seizures

Question 15

Creutzfeld-Jakob?

Answer 15

PrPSC prion for mad cow disease

Rapidly progressing dementia

Ataxia
Startle myoclonus

Question 16

Creutzfeld-Jakob histology?

Answer 16

Intracellular vacuoles

Spongiform encephalopathy

Question 17

Patterson-Kelly syndrome?

Answer 17

Sideropenic dysphagia

Iron deficiency anaemia
Post cricoid web
Koilonychia

Question 18

Dandy-Walker?

Answer 18

Anomaly of 4th ventricle

Vermis agenesis

Hydrocephalus

Question 19

Waterhouse-Friedrichsen?

Answer 19

Adrenal destruction due to meningitis by N. meningitidis

Question 20

Guillian-Barre?

Answer 20

Autoimmune demyelination triggered by infection

Starts in the feet and moves upwards

Resolves after a few weeks

Question 21

Krabbe’s disease?

Answer 21

Lysosomal storage disease

No galactocerebrosidase so galactocerebroside accumulates

Newborns:
Hypotonia
Spasticity
Areflexia

Question 22

Physical symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff?

Answer 22

Ataxia

Nystagmus

Visual disturbances

Question 23

Friedrich’s ataxia?

Answer 23

Mitochondrial dysfunction

Starts from adolescence

CVS
CNS
Diabetes
Kyphoscoliosis

Question 24

Parkinson’s histology?

Answer 24

Sinuclein filled Lewy bodies

Question 25

Screening for neural tube defects?

Answer 25

Alpha-fetoprotein

Question 26

Prokinetic drugs for GORD?

Answer 26

Metocloperamide Domperidone

Question 27

Chari 2?

Answer 27

Myelomeningocele Includes vermis Beaked midbrain

Question 28

Symptoms of Chiari 2?

Answer 28

Hydrocephalus Paralysis

Question 29

Acute diffuse encephalomyelitis (ADEM)?

Answer 29

Demyelination after viral infection Diffuse Headache Lethargy Coma Rapid course

Question 30

Imaging of ADEM?

Answer 30

Lesions not focal like in MS Lesions similar to each other

Question 31

Acute necrotising encephalomyelitis?

Answer 31

More severe histology appearance than in ADEM

Question 32

Alzheimer's histopathology?

Answer 32

Beta amyloid plaques Neurofibrillary tangles (Disease due to less ACh activity in brain)

Question 33

Second cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff?

Answer 33

Thiamine (B1) deficiency

Question 34

Anticonvulsive of choice in eclampsia treatment and prophylaxis?

Answer 34

Magnesium sulfate

Question 35

Symptoms of cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency?

Answer 35

Glove and stocking neuropathy Usually pernicious anaemia or absorption issue patients

Question 36

Placenta histology in pre-eclampsia?

Answer 36

Fibrinoid necrosis of vessels

Question 37

Folate deficiency?

Answer 37

Irritability Personality changes

Question 38

Safest antihypertensive in pregnancy?

Answer 38

Alpha methyldopa Labetalol Nifedipine

Question 39

Commonest adult CNS tumour and histology?

Answer 39

Glioblastoma in cerebral cortex Pseudopallisading cells line up along edge of necrosis

Question 40

Oligodendroglioma histology?

Answer 40

Fried egg cells Chicken wire capillaries

Question 41

Second most common adult CNS tumour and histology?

Answer 41

Meningioma near surface, external to brain Psammoma body

Question 42

Third most common adult CNS tumour and features

Answer 42

Schwannoma close to cranial nerve VIII Expected symptoms

Question 43

Neurofibromatosis features?

Answer 43

Genetic Lumps around nerves/neurones Lisch nodules Café-au-lait spots

Question 44

HELLP syndrome and features?

Answer 44

Severe variant of eclampsia Haemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelets

Question 45

HELLP serology?

Answer 45

Schistocytes Elevated bilirubin Low haptoglobin

Question 46

Commonest childhood CNS tumour and histology?

Answer 46

Pilocystic astrocytoma Contain Rosenthal fibres

Question 47

Childhood tumour causing ataxia and hydronephrosis?

Answer 47

Medulloblastoma in the cerebellum