Antibiotics

Question 1

Penicillin is effective against what type of bacteria?

Answer 1

Gram + bacteria

Question 2

Penicillins Mechanism of action is?

Answer 2

◦ Interfere w/ formation of bacterial cell wall in actively growing bacteria

Question 3

Penicillin is eliminated by

Answer 3

mostly by the kidney in an unchanged form:

Question 4

Penicillin Resistant Gram + bacteria secrete what that disrupts the structure of the Pencillin molecule?

Answer 4

β-lactamase enzyme

Question 5

Do not use Penicillin with what type of antibiotic?

Answer 5

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

Question 6

Penicillin is not effective against what type of bacteria?

Answer 6

Gram - Bacteria

Question 7

Pencillin Withdrawal Times are?

Answer 7

‣ Milk: 3 days
‣ Meat: 28 days

Question 8

Cephalosporins Spectrum of Activity:

Answer 8

◦ First Generation: Gram + bacteria
◦ Second & Third Generation: Gram + & some Gram - bacteria
◦ Ineffective against penicillin resistant bacteria

Question 9

Cephalosporins are often prescribed during?

Answer 9

during GI and/or orthopedic surgeries

Question 10

Aminoglycosides Mechanism of Action:

Answer 10

◦ Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by attaching to the bacterial ribosome

Question 11

Aminoglycosides is effective against what time of bacteria?

Answer 11

Gram -

Question 12

Aminoglycosides drugs end in?

Answer 12

• “mycin”

Question 13

Aminoglycosides drug examples?

Answer 13

◦ Gentamicin
◦ Amikacin
◦ Kanamycin
◦ Neomycin
◦ Streptomycin
◦ Tobramycin

Question 14

Quinolones drugs end in?

Answer 14

• “floxacin”

Question 15

Quinolones drug example

Answer 15

◦ Enrofloxacin
◦ Marbofloxacin
◦ Orbifloxacin
◦ Ciprofloxacin

Question 16

Quinolones are effective against?

Answer 16

Proven efficacy against most Gram - and some Gram + bacteria

Question 17

Aminoglycosides are not well absorbed in the?

Answer 17

GI & Uterus

Question 18

Aminoglycosides tend to accumulate in what tissue?

Answer 18

The inner ear & kidneys

Question 19

Genatamicin, Amikacin Kanamycin, & Tobramycin should not be mixed with

Answer 19

penicillin

Question 20

Tetracyclines Mechanism of Action:

Answer 20

◦ Bind to bacterial ribosomes & disrupt protein synthesis

Question 21

Tetracyclines Spectrum of Activity:

Answer 21

Effective against Gram + and Gram - bacteria
‣ Rickettsia
‣ Spirochetes
‣ Chlamydia
‣ Mycoplasma

Question 22

Do not use Tetracyclines in Combination with:

Answer 22

‣ Pencillins
‣ Cephalosporins

Question 23

Sulfonamides & Potentiated Sulfonamides mechanism of action?

Answer 23

Interfere with the formation of folic acid by bacteria

Question 24

Sulfonamides & Potentiated Sulfonamides spectrum of activity:

Answer 24

• Effective against Gram + & Gram - & some Protozoa
• Coccidea infections

Question 25

Sulfonamides & Potentiated Sulfonamides may cause?

Answer 25

KCS dry eye

Question 26

Metronidazole is effective against?

Answer 26

• Effective against anaerobic bacteria & some Protozoa ◦ Anaerobic Bacteria: Clostridium ◦ Protozoa: Giardia

Question 27

Metronidazole is Prescribed when?

Answer 27

• for GI tract infections including diarrhea • Anti-inflammatory effect in the GI tract ◦ Decreases diarrhea volume ◦ Can be prescribed for anxiety diarrhea as well

Question 28

Metronidazole toxicity dose is?

Answer 28

Toxicity dose: 25mg/kg

Question 29

Lincosamides is used to treat?

Answer 29

• Often used to treat Gram + anaerobic bacterial infections in animals

Question 30

Lincosamides Mechanism of Action:

Answer 30

◦ Bind to bacterial ribosome & interfere with protein synthesis

Question 31

Lincosamides Spectrum of Activity:

Answer 31

◦ Effect against dental infections and: ‣ Gram + bacteria ‣ Anaerobic bacteria ‣ Protozoa (Toxoplasma)

Question 32

Chloramphenicol is?

Answer 32

• Powerful broad spectrum antibiotic • Only used occasionally in animals when nothing else is working ◦ The microbe is resistant against all other Abx • Should not be used in food animals

Question 33

Chloramphenicol Mechanism of Action:

Answer 33

◦ Binds the bacterial ribosome & interferes w/ protein synthesis

Question 34

Chloramphenicol Spectrum of Activity:

Answer 34

◦ Effective vs. G+ and G- bacteria ‣ Rickettsia ‣ Chlamydia ‣ Mycoplasma

Question 35

Chloramphenicol is metabolized by the?

Answer 35

Liver

Question 36

Chloramphenicol is eliminated in the?

Answer 36

urine & bile

Question 37

what species has a decreased ability to metabolize chloramphenicol

Answer 37

Cats

Question 38

Chloramphenicol cannot be used in combination with?

Answer 38

penicillins or cephalosporins