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Part 1 Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

fluoroquinolone
T1/2 8-9h
Hepatically excreted - good in renal failure

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2
Q

1st gen cephalosporins

A

cefazolin, cefalexin
gram +ve only, similar cover to fluclox

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3
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins

A

cefuroxime, cefaclor
+ve and -ve

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4
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins

A

Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone
+ve, -ve, cross BBB
Ceftazidime - also pseudomonas (although limited +ve)

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5
Q

4th gen cephalosporins

A

cefipime
+ve, -ve, pseudomonas
most resistance to betalactamases

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6
Q

Penicillin resistance

A

Beta lactamase
Efflux pumps
Modification binding site
Penetration impaired

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7
Q

Macrolide resistance

A

Permeability dec
Efflux inc
Esterase production
Ribosomal binding altered

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8
Q

Gentamicin resistance

A

Transferase inactivates drug
Cell entry impaired
Ribosomal receptor altered

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9
Q

Treatment plasmodium ovale or vivax

A

chloroquine (live, not in tissue) + primaquine (kills dormant liver)

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10
Q

Side effects quinidine

A

prolonged QT, cinconism, black water fever, inc serum warfarin and digoxin, haemolysis in G6PD

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11
Q

ethambutol side effects

A

optic neuritis, retinal damage

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12
Q

Side effects pyrazinimide

A

hepatotoxicity, hyperuricaemia

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13
Q

aminoglycosides side effects

A

neuromuscular blockade and resp paralysis reversed by calcium gluconate

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14
Q

Isoniazid side effects

A

hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy due to B6 depletion

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15
Q

Live vaccines

A

MMR
Rotavirus

Chickenpox
Zoster

Bacillus calmette
Oral typhoid
Yellow fever

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16
Q

Pentamidine

A

pneumocystosis prophylaxis (antiprotozoal)
can cause diabetes

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17
Q

Antiprotozoal side effects

A

headache, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, rash

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18
Q

Mechanism antihelminthics

A

inhibit tubulin polymerisation interfering microtubule formation

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19
Q

Meningococcal prophylaxis

A

rifampicin

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20
Q

GBS prophylaxis

A

ampicillin

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21
Q

Pneumocytis pneumonia prophylaxis

A

cotrimoxazole

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22
Q

mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis

A

azithromycin

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23
Q

Rifaximin

A

RNA polymerase inhibitor
bacteriocidal gram +ve and negative
Tx travellers diarrhoea, hepatic encephalopathy

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24
Q

Fluoroquinolones mechanism and example

A

DNA gyrase inhibitor
ciprofloxacin

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25
Fluoroquinolone SEs
rash, nv, deranged LFTs, cartilage (don't give <18), enzyme inhibitor, inc QTc
26
PenG excretion
10% filtration 90% tubular secretion
27
Carbapenem MOA
beta lactamase, inhibits cell wall synthesis e.g. meropenem
28
Carbapenem that doesn't cover pseudomonas
ertapenem (n.b. none cover MRSA)
29
Glycopeptide antibiotic MOA and example
inhibits cell wall synth by inhibiting cross linking cell wall vancomycin
30
side effects vancomycin
red man syndrome if given fast nephrotoxicity
31
Aminoglycosides MOA and example
30s can be bacteriocidal genatmicin concentration dependant killing + post antibiotic effect
32
Tetracycline SE
GI, hepatotoxicity, less well absorbed with food,bone + teeth
33
Macrolide example and adverse effects
erythromycin GI, inc QTc, acute hepatitis, enzyme inhibitor
34
Trimethoprim mechanism
dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor folate antagonist blocks purine production and nucleic acid synth
35
Trimethoprim PK
A: F1 D: Wide high vD, lipid solube T1/2 8h with sulfonamide, 11 alone E: renal 70% unchanged
36
Trimethoprim SEs
rash, fever, bone marrow supression, hyprekalaemia, sulfonamides SJS
37
Metronidazole mechanism
disrupts electron transport chain in DNA
38
SE metronidazole
metallic taste, neuropathy, seizures, thrombophlebitis
39
Isoniazid mechanism
inhibits cell wall mycolic acid synthesis
40
Rifampicin mechanism
RNA polymerase inhibitor, bacteriocidal
41
Rifampicin side effects
rash, nephritis, thrombocytopenia, cholestasis, orange body fluids
42
Pyrazinimide mechanism
disrupts cell membrane, bacteriostatic
43
Ethambutol SEs
retrobulbar neuritis
44
Amphotericin B mechanism
forms pores in fungal membranes half life 2 weeks
45
SEs amphotericin B
infusion reaction, renal impairment, fever, headache, confusion
46
Azoles
block fungal p450 and interact with cell wall synthesis increase QTc, deranged LFTs
47
Aciclovir MOA
guanasine analogue binds to viral DNA polymerase inhibiting synthesis
48
Zidovudine
AZT NRTI T1/2 1-3h, P0.6, wide vD, 35%PB SE myelosuppression and macrocytic anaemia
49
Itraconazole excretion
>50% faeces
50
Penicillins resistant to betlactamases
methicillin, nafcillin
51
cmv tx
ganciclovir
52
rifampicin excretion
faecal
53
Penicillins not requiring dose adjustment in renal failure
dicloxacillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin (renal and biliary excretion)
54
Hepatically excreted 3rd gen cephalosporins
ceftriaxone, cefoperazone
55
Antibiotics resistant to staphylococcal beta lactamases
cloxacillin naficillin methicillin (not used as renal toxic)
56
Anti pseudomonal cephalosporins
Ceftazidime (3rd gen), Cefoperazone (3rd gen) and Cefepime (4th gen)
57
Erythromycin increases ORAL bioavailability of...
digoxin
58
What does gent not have action against
anaerobes
59
Anti MRSA
vanc clinda linezolid
60
Anaerobes acting antibiotics
meropenem clindamycin metronidazole Plus pen G just not beta lactamase ones
61
Drugs with no gram -ve cover
flucloxacillin 1st gen cephalosporin vanc clinda linezolid metronidazole
62
Bioavailability erythromycin
0.35
63
PK amphoteracin B
Poor F PB 90% 2-3% crosses BBB T1/2 15d
64
Medication for hydatid disease
Albendazole
65
66
Doxycycline pk
A f1, inhibited by aluminium and antacids 40-80pb Not in csf Excreted in stool
67
Anti pseudomonal agents
CMAC Cephalosporins (x3) Meropenem Aminoglycosides Ciprofloxacin
68
Gentamicin protein binding
10% T1/2 2-3h
69
Abx with ESBL coverage
MEGA C Meropenem Ertapenem Gentamicin (50%) Amikacin Ciprofloxacin

Part 1 Pharmacology (13 decks)

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