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Antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are characteristics of Fluroquinolones?

A
  1. Broad Spectrum
  2. DNA synthesis interference
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2
Q

What are the uses for Fluroquinolones?

A
  1. treat urinary infection
  2. treat respiratory infection
  3. Gram positive
  4. Gram negative
  5. anthrax
  6. typhoid fever
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3
Q

What is the suffix for Fluroquinolones?

A

Floxacin

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4
Q

What drugs are associated with?

A
  • Ciprofloxacin (PO, IV, Topical)
    (Prototype)
  • Gemifloxacin (PO)
  • Moxifloxacin (PO)
  • Levofloxacin (PO, IV)
  • Ofloxacin (Topical, PO)
  • Finafloxacin (Ear)
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5
Q

Does Fluroquinolones have a black box warning

A

Yes
Tendonitis and achilles tendon

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6
Q

What are side effects of Fluroquinolones?

A
  1. CNS effects
  2. Peripheral neuropathy
  3. Myasthenia Gravis worse
  4. increase of AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm)
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7
Q

What are side effects of Fluroquinolones?

A
  1. QT prolongation
  2. Hypoglycemia (DM)
  3. Photosensitivity
  4. GI effects
  5. Immunologic
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8
Q

what are CNS effects of Fluroquinolones?

A

depression
insomnia
headache

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9
Q

what are contraindication of Fluroquinolones?

A
  1. pregnancy
  2. lactation
  3. children under age 18
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10
Q

What are characteristics of Aminoglycoside?

A
  1. inhibit protein synthesis
  2. drug monitoring (IV)
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11
Q

what are the uses for Aminoglycoside ?

A
  1. gram negative bacteria
  2. bacteremia
  3. abdominal infection
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12
Q

what are the contraindications of Aminoglycoside?

A
  • Known allergy
  • Renal or hepatic disease
  • Pre-existing hearing loss
  • Active herpes or mycobacterial infection
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Parkinson’s
  • Lactation
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13
Q

What are the adverse effects of Aminoglycoside?

A
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Ototoxicity
  • CNS
  • GI tract
  • Cardiotoxicity
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14
Q

What are the drugs for Aminoglycoside?

A
  • Gentamycin (IV,IM, Topical) (Prototype)
  • Tobramycin (IV, IM, Topical, nebulizer)
  • Neomycin (PO topical)
  • Amikacin
  • Streptomycin (IM)
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15
Q

What is the suffix of Aminoglycoside?

A

mycin

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16
Q

What toxicities does the nurse need to assess for Aminoglycoside?

A

Nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity

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17
Q

what labs are needed to assess Aminoglycoside?

A

Renal/hepatic labs?

From online: declining urine output and increasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

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18
Q

What are the charcteristics of Tetracycline?

A
  1. work by affecting protein synthesis
  2. Broad spectrum
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19
Q

what are the uses of Tetracycline?

A
  1. Gram Negative
  2. Gram Positive
  3. skin, acne infection
  4. upper respiratory: sinusitis & atypical pneumonia
  5. STI
  6. Lyme disease
  7. MRSA
  8. Traveler’s diarrhea
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20
Q

what are the drugs of Tetracycline?

A
  • Demeclocycline (PO)
  • Doxycycline (IV, PO)
  • Minocycline (IV, PO)
  • Tetracycline (PO, topical) (Prototype)
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21
Q

What is the suffix of Tetracycline?

A

cycline

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22
Q

what are the contraindications of Tetracycline?

A
  • Allergy to tetracycline
  • Pregnancy and lactations
  • Children under age 8
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23
Q

What are the adverse effects of Tetracycline?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • GI tract
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Skeletal
  • Skin
  • Superinfections
  • Hematologic
  • Local effect
  • Hypersensitivity
24
Q

what are the absorption affect of Tetracycline?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. calcium
  2. magnesium
  3. zinc
  4. iron
  5. bismuth
25
what are the 4 patient education point for Tetracycline?
26
what is the drug class of Clindamycin?
lincosamides
27
what are the characteristics of Clindamycin?
1. interference of bacterial protein synthesis 2. broad spectrum 3. used when no other antibiotic works
28
what are the uses of Clindamycin?
1. gram positive 2. staph infection (MRSA) 3. strep infection 4. anaerobes 5. pcn allergy 6. bacterial vaginosis
29
what are the adverse effects of Clindamycin?
1. severe GI side effects including fatal pseudomembranous colitis 2. increase risk c.diff
30
What are worrisome complications of Clindamycin?
Often uesd when no other antibiotic will do the job. Severe GI side effects including fatal psuedomembranous colitis and rincreased risk of Cdiff
31
What are sulfa medications used for?
Used to treat UTIs Skin infections MRSA STIs
32
what are the serious adverse effects of sulfa antibiotics?
GI tract * Renal * CNS * Hypoglycemia * Bone marrow depression * Skin: – Photosensitivity – Rash/itching (common) – Steven-Johnson Syndrome
33
what is the class of Metronidazole (flagyl)
Nitroimidazole
34
What is Metronidazole (flagyl) used for
* Anaerobic bacterial infections * Amebiasis * Protozoal infections * H. pylori infection * Trichomanias** * Pseudomembranous colitis (C-diff)
35
What are the adverse effects of Metronidazole (flagyl)
1. GI 2. Headache 3. Dry Mouth 4. Stevens Johnson Syndrome 5. Disulfiram-like reactions
35
What patients need caution for Metronidazole (flagyl)?
liver impairment
36
what must be avoided when using Metronidazole (flagyl)?
alcohol, warfarin
36
What is the class of Vancomycin?
Glycopeptide antibiotics
37
what are characteristics of Vancomycin?
1. cell death disrupting bacteria membrane 2. IV 3. Oral for C-diff 4. Monitor drug level
38
what are the uses of Vancomycin
1. gram-positive bacteria 2. clostridium difficile 3. endocarditis
39
what are the contraindications of Vancomycin
1. Pregnancy 2. Lactation
40
what are the adverse effects of Vancomycin
1. GI tract 2. nephrotoxicity 3. ototoxicity 4. phlebitis
41
why should Vancomycin be infused slowly
to prevent red man syndrome 8-12 hr monitor drug level monitoring
42
what are the characteristics of Macrolides?
1. interference of protein synthesis 2. increase resistance due to overuse 3. alternative use to PCN
43
what is Macrolides used for
1. gram positive bacteria 2. Streptococcus pnemoniae 3. legionella 4. listeria 5. lyme disease 6. Sinusitis 7. STI
44
what are drugs for Macrolides
* Azithromycin * Clarithromycin * Erythromycin (Prototype) * Fidaxomicin
45
what patients need cautious use for Macrolides
hepatic dysfunction
46
what are the adverse effects of Macrolides
* Can prolong the QT interval which can lead to life-threatening arrhythmia * GI tract: Need to be taken on an empty stomach ( 1 hour before or 2-3 hours after) * CNS * Superinfections * Hypersensitivity
47
what is gram positive
thick cell walls purple
48
what are 3 gram positive bacteria
1. Staph aureus 2. Streptococcus pneumonaie 3. enterococcus faecalis
49
what is staphylococcus aureus (gram+)?
pathogen associated with skin infection
50
what is streptococcus pneumoniae (gram+)?
cause of bacterial pneumonia
51
what is enterococcus faecalis (gram+)
urinary tract & bloodstream infections
52
What is gram negative?
thin cell wall pink color
53
what are the 5 gram negative bacteria?
1. Echerichia coli (e. coli) 2. pseydomanas aeruginosa 3. salmonella 4. klabsiella pnemoniae 5. neisseria gonorrhoeae
54
what does broad spectrum antibiotic mean?
1. effective against a wide range of bacteria 2. kill/inhibit growth of both gram +/- 3. used when bacteria is unknown
55
what does narrow spectrum antibiotic mean?
1. effective against a limited number of bacteria 2. target specific groups or strains 3. specific types of infection: ear nose throat

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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