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Step 1 Study > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Pen G:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Penicillin
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Renal; IV/IM
  • Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
  • Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes
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2
Q

Pen V:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Penicillin
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Renal; PO
  • Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
  • Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes
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3
Q

Methicillin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Penicillinase- resistant
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Hepatic; IV/IM/PO
  • Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
  • Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes (B-lactamase SA)
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4
Q

Oxacillin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Penicillinase- resistant
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Hepatic; IV/IM/PO
  • Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
  • Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes (B-lactamase SA)
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5
Q

Ampicillin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Extended spectrum
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Renal; PO
  • Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity (GI upset)
  • Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes (many gram -, Enterobacteriae, H Flu, E coli)
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6
Q

Amoxicillin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Extended spectrum
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Renal; PO
  • Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity (GI upset)
  • Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes (many gram -, Enterobacteriae, H Flu, E coli)
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7
Q

Piperacillin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Anti pseudomonal
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • IV; Renal
  • Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
  • Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes (Less gram +, more gram -; pseudomonas
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8
Q

Cephalexin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • 1st gen Ceph
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Renal; IV/PO
  • Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
  • Less allergy than penicillin
  • Gram + cocci; gram - (E. Coli/ Klebsiella)
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9
Q

Cefazolin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • 1st gen Ceph
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Renal; IV/PO
  • Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
  • Less allergy than penicillin
  • Gram + cocci; gram - (E. Coli/ Klebsiella)
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10
Q

Cefuroxime:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • 2nd gen gen Ceph
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Renal; IV/PO
  • Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
  • Less allergy than penicillin
  • Extended gram - (H Flu, Enterobacter) Gram + cocci; gram - (E. Coli/ Klebsiella)
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11
Q

Ceftriaxone:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • 3rd gen Ceph
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Renal; IV/PO (GOOD CNS)
  • Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
  • Less allergy than penicillin
  • Greatest gram - (some anti-pseudomonal)
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12
Q

Aztreonam:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Monobactam
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • IV/ Renal
  • Narrow: Gram (-) aerobic
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13
Q

Carbapenam:

  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • IV / Renal
  • GI upset
  • Wide: Ceph resistant organisms
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14
Q

Vancomyocin:

  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • IV/ Renal
  • Renal
  • Renal toxicity, ototoxicity, chills, fever, rash
  • Narrow: Gram + cocci
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15
Q

Ciprofloxacin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Cidal; inhibit DNA gyrase
  • Bone, CNS; Renal/Hepatic
  • Not with anatacids or kids
  • Gram - aerobes; UTI’s
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16
Q

Levofloxacin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Cidal; inhibit DNA gyrase
  • Bone, CNS; Renal/Hepatic
  • Not with anatacids or kids
  • Gram - aerobes; UTI’s
17
Q

Moxifloxacin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Cidal; inhibit DNA gyrase
  • Bone, CNS; Renal/Hepatic
  • Not with anatacids or kids
  • Gram - aerobes; UTI’s
18
Q

Streptomycin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Cidal, 30s
  • IV/ Renal
  • Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
  • Gram (-) aerobes; Pseudomonas, E. Coli, TB
19
Q

Tetracycline:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Tetracycline
  • Static 30s
  • PO/ Renal Billiary
  • Bone/teeth issues; GI superantigens (fungal)
  • Broad + and -: Ricksietta, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Spirochetes
20
Q

Erythromycin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Macrolide
  • 50s subunit inhibitor; static/cidal
  • Good PO; concentrates in lungs; Hepatic biliary
  • GI, CYP450 metabolism; PROLONGED QT! Cholestatic hepatitis
  • Some gram +; some gram -; CA-Pneu; Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella
21
Q

Azithromycin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Macrolide
  • 50s subunit inhibitor; static/cidal
  • Good PO; concentrates in lungs; Hepatic biliary
  • GI, CYP450 metabolism
  • Some gram +; some gram -; CA-Pneu; Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella
22
Q

Clarithromycin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Macrolide
  • 50s subunit inhibitor; static/cidal
  • Good PO; concentrates in lungs; Hepatic biliary
  • GI, CYP450 metabolism
  • Some gram +; some gram -; CA-Pneu; Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella
23
Q

Cloramphenicol:

  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • 50s subunit; static
  • Good PO; Good CNS/CSF; Metab via glucuronidation
  • Bone marrow toxicity, gray baby, GI upset
  • Broad spectrum + Chlamydia, Neisseria, H Flu, Mycoplasma, Riscksietta
24
Q

Clindamycin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Lincosamide
  • 50s ribosome; static
  • Good PO (Into bone); hepatic metabolism
  • Diarrhea/ C. Diff
  • Narrow: Gram + cocci; Anaerobes, acne
25
Q

Streptogramins:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Synercid
  • 50s ribosome; static
  • IV / Hepatic
  • CYP450 inhibitor; many
  • Gram + and some gram -; life threatening VREF
26
Q

Oxazolidinones:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • AR’s?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Zyvox
  • 50s ribosome; static
  • PO/IV ; Hepatic
  • HA, gastro, inhibits MAO
  • Gram +; life threatening VREF, MSSA, MRSA, Strep
27
Q

Sulfamethoxazole:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • Adverse?
  • Spectrum?
A
  • Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
  • Static: Cydal (with TMP) Inhibit synthesis of folic acid/ PABA analog
  • Good PO/ Renal-Hepatic
  • Hypersensitivity, Kernicterus in neonates
  • Broad; Chlamydia and protozoa
28
Q

Nitrofurantoin:

  • Type?
  • MOA?
  • PK?
  • Adverse?
  • Spectrum? (2)
A
  • Nitromidazoles
  • Static: DNA damaging
  • PO/Renal
  • GI/ Hypersensitivity
  • UTI/ E Coli

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