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Bacterial Bugs Flashcards

1
Q

Strep General:

  • Structure?
  • Aerobic?
  • Growth?
  • Catalase?
  • Fermenter?
A
  • Gram (+) Cocci
  • Microaerobic
  • Linear
  • Negative
  • Yes
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2
Q

Group A Strep:

  • Name? Hemolytic? Lancefield? Bacitracin?
  • 2 cell wall proteins? Function?
  • 4 Enzymes?
  • 4 primary infection processes?
  • 2 post strep sequelae?
  • Treatment?
A
  • Strep pyrogenes; B; A; sensitive
  • C/M (main virulence; precent phago/inhibits complement)
  • Strep O/ Strep S/ Pyrogenic Exotoxin/ Streptokinase
    1. ) Pharyngitis (strawberry tongue) 2.) Skin infection (many including Fourniers Gangrene) 3.) Scarlet Fever (spares face) 4.) TSST = Exotoxin A binds MHC2 (IL2/INFg)
    1. ) Rheumatic Fever (JONES criteria = Joints, heart, nodules, EM, Cholera) 2.) PSGN one week later
  • Pen G
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3
Q

Group B Strep:

  • Hemolytic? Aerobic? Bacitracin?
  • Carried where?
  • In neonates? (3)
  • Hippurate test?
  • Treatment?
A
  • B; Fac. Anaerobe; Resistant
  • 25% vagina
  • Meningitis, Pneumonia, Sepsis
  • +
  • Pen G
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4
Q

Viridans Strep:

  • Hemolytic? Aerobic?
  • Dental caries version?
  • Optochin?
  • EC dextran effect?
  • 3 pathologies?
  • Treatment?
A
  • a; faculative anaerobe
  • S. Mutans
  • Resistant
  • Attach to damaged heart
  • Subacute endocarditis, dental carries, brain/liver abscess
  • Pen G
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5
Q

Group D strep:

  • 2 types?
  • Hemolytic? Aerobic? Protein?
  • 3 pathologies?
  • Worry with VRE?
  • Treatment?
A
  • Enterococci/ non (Bovis –> Colon Cancer)
  • Gamma, faculative anaerobe, Dextran
  • Subacute endocarditis, billiary tract infections, nocosmial UTI
  • Give to S. Auerus
  • Ampicillin
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6
Q

Strep Pneu:

  • Hemolytic? Aerobic?
  • Optochin? Quelleng test?
  • Major virulence?
  • Pneumo warrior has? (3)
  • Treatment?
A
  • a hemolytic; fac. anaerobe
  • optochin sensitive; positive
  • IgA protease
  • Lung, ear, head
  • IM Pen G
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7
Q

Staphylcoccus General:

  • Shape?
  • Catalase?
  • Growth?
A
  • Gram + Cocci
  • positive
  • Clusters
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8
Q

Staph Aureus:

  • Coagulase? Does what? Aerobic?
  • Virulence?
  • 3 Enzymes? Protein?
    1. ) Inflammatory Dz? (5)
    2. ) Toxin Mediated? (3)
  • MRSA has chrom DNA segment called? Does what?
  • Treatment?
  • MRSA treatment?
A
  • Positive; creates fibrin clot; faculative anaerobe
  • Protein A = Binds Fc of IgG
  • Hemosylins, Leukocidins (PVL form absess), Penicillinase, Novel binding protein
    1. ) Skin infection, organ abscess, post flu pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis
    2. ) TSST, Scalded skin, Rapid onset gastro (mayo)
  • mecA, new binding protein
  • 1st gen ceph, Clinda
  • Vanco
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9
Q

Staph Epidermidis:

  • Coag? Common on? Create a what?
  • Treatment?
A
  • negative, foley catheters/prosthetics; biofilm

- Vanco

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10
Q

Staph Saprophyticus:

  • Coag?
  • Common cause of?
A
  • negative

- UTI

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11
Q

Enteric Bacteria General:

  • Non-fermenters? (3)
  • Invade lymph? (3)
  • O antigen is?
  • K?
  • H?
A
  • Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudonomas
  • Salmonella Typhi, Yersernia, Campylobacter
  • LPS
  • Capsule
  • Motile
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12
Q

E. Coli:

  • Structure? Fermenter? Hemolytic?
  • 3 virulence factors? Causes what?
    1. ) ETEC: AKA? Invasion/inflame? 2 toxins? Like what?
  • Effects where? Treatment?
    2. ) EHEC: Toxin? Causes? (Triad)
  • Invasive? Does not ferment what? Treatment?
    3. ) EIEC: Invades what? (2) Causes?
    4. ) EPEC: Invasive? Toxin? Causes?
A
  • GNR, yes, Beta
    1. ) Fimbiae (Cystitis/pylo) 2.) LPS (sepsis) 3.) K Capsule (pneumonia/neonatal meningitis)
    1. ) Travellers; none; Heat stable/labile; Cholera; small bowell; FQ
    2. ) Shiga like toxin; thrombocytopenia, microthrombi (anemia), HUS
  • No, sorbitol, Supportive
    3. ) Mucosa/epi; shiga like inflammation
    4. ) No, No, malabsorption in kids
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13
Q

Klebsiella Pneumonia:

  • O anitgen? Structure? Found where?
  • Causes what? (4)
  • Effects who? (3)
  • Sputum?
A
  • Yes but no H/K; GNR of gut/hospitals
  • Lobar pneumonia, sepsis, foleys, UTI’s
  • DM, alcoholics, Hospital ITI
  • Red currant
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14
Q

Proteus:

  • Structure?
  • Oxidase? Lactose?
  • Urea?
  • Common cause of? Urine?
A
  • GNR
  • Negative, non fermenter
  • Splitting
  • Hospital UTI, alkaline
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15
Q

Enterobacter:

  • Structure?
  • Motile?
  • Lactose?
A
  • GNR
  • Very
  • Fermenter
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16
Q
  • Serratia:
  • Structure? Lactose?
  • Causes? (2)
  • Unique how?
A
  • GNR, slow fermenter
  • UTI/pneumonia
  • Bright red spot
17
Q

Shigella:

  • Structure? Lactose? Oxidase? Motile?
  • Spread via? Only in?
  • Hydrogen sulfide? Invades mucosa causing?
  • Toxin? Does what?
  • Invades where? Apoptosis of?
  • Need much for infection?
  • Treatment?
A
  • GNR, non-fermenter; negative; no
  • Hematogenous, humans
  • None; High PMN’s
  • Shiga Toxin A/B = 60s ribosome
  • M cells on peyers patches; Macs
  • No
  • Ceftriaxone/ FG’s
18
Q

Salmonella:

  • Fermenter? Motile? H2S?
  • Invades? Response?
  • Carried by? Virulance patho islands allow what?
  • Treatment?
  • Typhi: Only in? Sign on abdomen?
  • Stays where? Invades what?
  • No spleen cause of?
  • Treatment?
A
  • Non fermenter; yes; yes
  • Mucosa, Monocytic
  • Animals (turtles); Invade/survive in macs
  • NONE
  • Humans, rose spots
  • Gall bladder, regional lymph nodes
  • Osteomylitis
  • Ciprofloxacin/ ceftriaxone
19
Q

Yersernia:

  • Structure? Motile? Fermenter? Oxidase?
  • Often found on? (2)
  • Invasive? Mimics? Enterotoxin?
A
  • GNR, motile, non, negative
  • Pet feces/ contaminated milk
  • Yes; crohns; yes
20
Q
  • Cholera:
  • Structure? Motile? Oxidase?
  • Enterotoxin causes? 2 sub units?
  • Grows in what environment?
  • Common in what food?
  • Need what 2 things to be virulent?
  • Treatment?
A
  • Curved GNR; yes single flagellum; positive
  • Permanent Gs –> increase cAMP; Action/Binding (A/B)
  • Alkaline
  • Shellfish
  • Pili, cholera toxin
  • Supportive/ Doxy
21
Q

Campylobacter:

  • Structure? Grows at? Oxidase? Shape?
  • Aerobic? Effects what part of the gut?
  • Found in what sources? (3)
  • Can cause what after infection? (2)
  • Treatment?
A
  • GNR; 42 degrees C; positive; wing
  • Micro; Distal illeum
  • Pets, poultry, unpasteurized milk
  • Guillen Barre, Reactive arthritis
  • Erythromycin
22
Q

H. Pylori:

  • Invasive? Aerobic? Urease? Oxidase?
  • Common cause of?
  • Treatment?
A
  • Non; micro; positive; positive
  • Duo ulcers
  • PPI + Azithro + Metro/Amox
23
Q

Chlamydia:

  • Structure? Obligate? ATP/ADP what?
  • Visualized via what stain?
  • Invades what type of cells?
  • Life cycle? (2)
  • C. Pneu/ C Sittaci causes?
  • C. Trachoma causes? (5) Also linked with? (2)
  • Types ABC? Types D-K? Types L1-L3?
  • 3-5x increase risk of? Cultures? Serology?
  • Treatment?
A
  • Gram (-) cocci; IC; trans-locator
  • Geisma
  • Columnar epithelium
  • Elementary (EC); Initial body (Inhibits phagolysosome)
  • Atypical pneumonia
  • Reactive arthritis, Conjuctivitis, urethritis, PID, Lymphagonum venereum; Alzheimers/ Ht. Dz
  • Chronic infection/blindness; urethritis, neonatal pneumona, PID; Lympho Venereum
  • HIV; Specific, sensitive
  • Amoxocillin
24
Q

Neisseria General:

  • Shape? Often IC of? Virulance?
  • Aerobic?
A
  • Gram (-) diplococci; neutrophils; IgA protease

- Strictly aerobic

25
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis:

  • Ferments? (2) Virulence?
  • LPS? IgA protease? Pili?
  • Transmitted via?
  • Causes what? (2)
  • Media?
  • Prophylactic treatment?
  • Treatment?
A
  • Maltose/glucose; polysacc capsule
  • yes; yes; yes
  • oral secretions
  • Meningitis/ W-F syndrome
  • Thayer-Martin VCN
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Pen G/ Ceftriaxone
26
Q

Neisseria Gonorrheae:

  • Capsule? Ferments only?
  • Pili? Opa proteins? Outer membrane porins?
  • Causes? (6)
  • Systemic disease? (2)
  • Neonatal what?
  • 3 tests? Only effects?
  • Treatment?
A
  • No; glucose
  • yes; yes; yes
  • uterthritis, PID, prostatitis, endoemtriosis, oophoritis, Fitz-Hugh Curtis
  • Sepsis, Reactive Arthritis
  • Ophthalmia neonatarum
  • Thayer, Chocolate, Transflow with CO2
  • Ceftriaxone IM and 1 Amoxicillin
27
Q

Trepenoma Pallidum:

  • AKA? Structure?
  • 2 motile parts?
    1. ) Primary: Causes? Possible lymph node?
  • Test? Serology? Treatment?
    2. ) Secondary: Rash on? Condyloma Latum?
  • Systemic dz?
    3. ) Latent: % relpase? % continue on? Serology?
    4. ) Tertiary: 4 effects? VDRL/PRP test?
  • Effects posterior column leading to? (2)
    5. ) Congenital: 5 effects? Cross placenta?
  • Overall treatment? Jarish Herxheimer?
A
  • Syphillis; Gram - spirochite
  • Axial filaments, periplasmic flagella
    1. ) Painless chancre; yes
  • Darkfield microscopy, negative, Pen G
    2. ) Hands/soles; wart like lesions
  • Any organ
    3. ) 25%; 30%; positive
    4. ) Gummas, aortitis, Argyll Robertson Pupil, Neurosyph
  • Weakened reflexes, no pain/temp
  • Saber shins, Hutchinsons Teeth, C8 deaf, saddle nose, mulberry molars, yes
  • Pen G/ Doxy; 50% get post AB shakes, fever, nausea

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