Antibiotics Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
Dalbavancin (dalvance) misc
A
IV only
2
Q
Penicillin G; penicillin V Class
A
Penicillins (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)
3
Q
oxacillin; dicloxacillin Class
A
anti-staphylococcal pencillins
4
Q
Ampicillin; amoxicillin Class
A
Aminopenicillin (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)
5
Q
Zosyn (piperacillin + tazobactam); Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate) Class
A
Combination therapy penicillins
6
Q
Cefazolin; cephalexin (keflex) Class
A
1st generation cephalosporin (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)
7
Q
Cefuroxime (ceftin); cefoxitin (mefoxin) Class
A
2nd generation cephalosporin (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)
8
Q
Ceftazadime (fortaz); cefpodoxime (vantin); ceftriaxone (rocephin) Class
A
3rd generation cephalosporin (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)
9
Q
Cefepime (Maxipime) Class
A
4th generation cephalosporin (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)
10
Q
Ceftaroline (Teflaro) Class
A
5th generation cephalosporin
11
Q
Imipenem Class
A
Carbapenam (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)
12
Q
Aztreonam (Azactam) Class
A
Monobactam (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)
13
Q
Vancomycin Class
A
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (Glycopeptide)
14
Q
Daptomycin Class
A
Cell wall toxin (cyclic lipopeptide)
15
Q
Dalbavancin (dalvance) Class
A
lipoglycopeptides
16
Q
Ciprofloxacin (cipro) Class
A
1st generation fluoroquinolone / Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor
17
Q
Levofloxacin (levaquin) Class
A
2nd generation fluoroquinolone / Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor
18
Q
Metronidazole (flagyl) Class
A
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors (Nitroimidazole)
19
Q
Gentamicin (gentak); tobramycin (tobrex) Class
A
Aminoglycoside / Protein synthesis inhibitor
20
Q
Doxycycline; tetracycline Class
A
Tetracycline / Protein synthesis inhibitor
21
Q
Clindamycin Class
A
Protein synthesis inhibitors
22
Q
Azithromycin (Z pack); clarithromycin (biaxin); erythromycin Class
A
Macrolide /Protein synthesis inhibitors
23
Q
Linezolid (Zyvox) Class
A
Protein synthesis inhibitor
24
Q
Penicillin G; penicillin V Therapies
A
Streptococcal species (except pneumococcus), mouth anaerobes; Syphilis; no Staph coverage
25
oxacillin; dicloxacillin Therapies
MSSA & streptococci
26
Ampicillin; amoxicillin Therapies
Streptococcus (DoC for Enterococcus); mouth anaerobes; E. coli, listeria
27
Zosyn (piperacillin + tazobactam); Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate) Therapies
S. aureus, gut anaerobes, all Haemophilus (resistance via production of penicllinases)
28
Cefazolin; cephalexin (keflex) Therapies
S. aureus; strep (excluding entero); E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella; mouth anaerobes
29
Cefuroxime (ceftin); cefoxitin (mefoxin) Therapies
S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, E.coli, Klebsiella, B. fragilis
30
Ceftazadime (fortaz); cefpodoxime (vantin); ceftriaxone (rocephin) Therapies
pseudomona aeuginosa, enteric gram-negative bacteria, streptococci, MSSA
31
Cefepime (Maxipime) Therapies
enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas, MSSA, S. pneumoniae
32
Ceftaroline (Teflaro) Therapies
MRSA, MSSA, streptococci, enterbacteriaceae, H. influenza
33
Imipenem Therapies
Broadest of all antibacterials (except MRSA); used mostly in ICUs (patients have high density of resistant organisms)
34
Aztreonam (Azactam) Therapies
enterobacteriaceae & pseudomonas
35
Vancomycin Therapies
G+s only (usually only MRSA, coagulase(-) staph, aminopen(r) enterococcus); oral utility against metronidazole(r) C. difficile
36
Daptomycin Therapies
G+ cocci only; use for VRE, VRSA
37
Dalbavancin (dalvance) Therapies
MRSA, MSSA, Strep, clostridium perfringens, c.difficile
38
Ciprofloxacin (cipro) Therapies
P. aeruginose, S. aureus, mycobacterium
39
Levofloxacin (levaquin) Therapies
s. pneumonia, e. coli, klebsiella, proteus
40
Metronidazole (flagyl) Therapies
B. fragilis, C. difficile, trichomonas
41
Gentamicin (gentak); tobramycin (tobrex) Therapies
enterococcus, pseudomonas, enterobacteriaceae
42
Doxycycline; tetracycline Therapies
borrelia burgdorferi, s. pneumonia, CA-MRSA, neiserria, rickettsia
43
Clindamycin Therapies
All anaerobic bacteria (EXCEPT C. difficile); utility for pneumococci and MRSA
44
Azithromycin (Z pack); clarithromycin (biaxin); erythromycin Therapies
Effective for intracellular pathogens (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella). H. influenzae; utility for Gram+ organisms
45
Linezolid (Zyvox) Therapies
Gram+ organisms; used primarily for VRSA & MRSA
46
Penicillin G; penicillin V SE
Mostly allergenic, seizures at high doses
47
oxacillin; dicloxacillin SE
Oxacillin: heptotoxicity, neutropenia, allergenic, Dicloxicillin: heptotoxicity, neutropenia, allergenic,thrombophelbitis
48
Ampicillin; amoxicillin SE
hypersensitivity, rash, GI, Mostly allergenic
49
Zosyn (piperacillin + tazobactam); Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate) SE
Pip/taz: Immune-mediate thrombocytopenia (1/500), Mostly allergenic. Augmnetin: Diarrhea
50
Cefazolin; cephalexin (keflex) SE
Mostly allergenic
51
Cefuroxime (ceftin); cefoxitin (mefoxin) SE
Mostly allergenic
52
Ceftazadime (fortaz); cefpodoxime (vantin); ceftriaxone (rocephin)SE
Mostly allergenic, greater correllation of C. difficle infection. Ceftriaxone: biliary sludging esp. in neonates
53
Cefepime (Maxipime) SE
Mostly allergenic
54
Ceftaroline (Teflaro) SE
Mostly allergenic
55
Imipenem SE
Risk of seizures (cumulative dose-dependent) if dose not adjusted for renal failure; cross-allergenic with penicillins
56
Aztreonam (Azactam) SE
Mostly allergenic
57
Vancomycin SE
Hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis; "red man syndrome"); dose-dependent ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity; immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
58
Daptomycin SE
Allergies; rhabdomyolysis, myalgias. Rare: eosinophilic pneumonia
59
Dalbavancin (dalvance) SE
metallic taste, nausea, HA, nephrotoxicity, tertogenic
60
Ciprofloxacin (cipro) SE
GI, Ha, dizziness
61
Levofloxacin (levaquin) SE
QT prolongation, tendinitis
62
Metronidazole (flagyl) SE
metallic taste, GI disturbance, peripheral neuropathy; disulfiram reaction with alcohol
63
Gentamicin (gentak); tobramycin (tobrex) SE
nephroroxicity, ototoxicity, Rare: neuromuscular blockade
64
Doxycycline; tetracycline SE
N/V/D, discoloration of teeth in children, photosensitivity, pill esophagitis
65
Clindamycin SE
Allergies; C. difficile overgrowth (colitis), diarrhea
66
Azithromycin (Z pack); clarithromycin (biaxin); erythromycin SE
Allergies; GI distress with oral administration, QT prolongation with IV erythromycin, rare hepatic effects
67
Linezolid (Zyvox) SE
Allergies; agranulocytosis, meylosuppression
68
Penicillin G; penicillin V misc
Parenteral: pen G; oral: pen V
69
oxacillin; dicloxacillin misc
Oxacillin (IV), dicloxacillin (oral)
70
Ampicillin; amoxicillin misc
Ampicillin (parenteral), amoxicillin (oral)
71
Zosyn (piperacillin + tazobactam); Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate) misc
zosyn IV; augmentin oral
72
Cefazolin; cephalexin (keflex) misc
Do not cross BBB; cefazolin (parenteral), cephalexin (oral)
73
Ceftazadime (fortaz); cefpodoxime (vantin); ceftriaxone (rocephin) misc
Cross BBB; anti-pseudomonal: ceftazadime (parenteral), cefpodoxime (oral); non-anti-pseudmonal: ceftriaxone (parenteral; retains coverage against pneumococcus)
74
Cefepime (Maxipime) misc
crosses BBB
75
Imipenem misc
parenteral only; must be coupled with enzyme inhibitor (cilastin, adds four to six hours) to prevent rapid metabolism of imipenem by kidney dipeptidases (otherwise, cleared in a matter of minutes)
76
Aztreonam (Azactam) misc
parenteral only; no cross-allergenicity with penicillins
77
Vancomycin misc
IV for everything but C. difficile
78
Dalbavancin (dalvance) misc
IV only
79
Doxycycline; tetracycline misc
drug interation with calcium, iron, antacids (separate by few hours)
80
Clindamycin misc
Use for aspiration pneumonias!
81
Penicillin G; penicillin V MOA
prevent transpeptidation of peptidoglycan layers in the cell wall by binding to PBP's
82
oxacillin; dicloxacillin MOA
Penicillin with bulky side group to stop penicillinases
83
Ampicillin; amoxicillin MOA
Semi-synthetic penicillins with special side group in common
84
Zosyn (piperacillin + tazobactam); Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate) MOA
Presence of Suicide inhibitors that allow penicillins to do their job
85
Cefazolin; cephalexin (keflex) MOA
As penicillins, but much broader spectrum
86
Cefuroxime (ceftin); cefoxitin (mefoxin) MOA
As penicillins, but much broader spectrum
87
Ceftazadime (fortaz); cefpodoxime (vantin); ceftriaxone (rocephin) MOA
As penicillins, but much broader spectrum
88
Cefepime (Maxipime) MOA
As penicillins, but much broader spectrum
89
Ceftaroline (Teflaro) MOA
As penicillins, but much broader spectrum
90
Imipenem MOA
Similar to pencillins
91
Aztreonam (Azactam) MOA
Similar to pencillins
92
Vancomycin MOA
Binds rapidly and irreversibly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine group on the peptide side-chain of the membrane-bound precursor; glycan chain extension, transpeptidation inhibited
93
Daptomycin MOA
insertion into the gram-positive cell membrane causing depolarization and ultimate cell death
94
Dalbavancin (dalvance) MOA
inhibition of transglycosylation by binding to D-ala-D-ala
95
Ciprofloxacin (cipro) MOA
Inhibits DNA gyrase at low concentrations
96
Levofloxacin (levaquin) MOA
Inhibits DNA gyrase at low concentrations; inhibits topoisomerase IV at high concentrations
97
Metronidazole (flagyl) MOA
interacts with DNA to cause a loss of helical DNA structure and strand breakage resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis
98
Gentamicin (gentak); tobramycin (tobrex) MOA
bind to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes and interfere with an initiation complex between mRNA and the 30S subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis
99
Doxycycline; tetracycline MOA
Inhibits 30S ribosome: blocks access of tRNA anticodon to its codon
100
Clindamycin MOA
Binds to 50S subunit at “A site,” blocking peptide bond formation
101
Azithromycin (Z pack); clarithromycin (biaxin); erythromycin MOA
Binds to 50S subunit & blocks translocation by interference with tRNA release following peptide bond formation (inhibiting the peptide exit tunnel)
102
Linezolid (Zyvox) MOA
binds to 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit inhibiting protein synthesis
