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Antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

Inhibits transmembrane transfer

A

Bacitracin

Inhibits peptidoglycan formation. Nephrotoxic drug. Combined into a triple antibiotic ointment.

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2
Q

Nephrotoxic

A

Bacitracin

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3
Q

Gram + cocci and bacilli, Neisseria, H. influenza, and T. pallidum

A

Bacitracin

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4
Q

Isomerase inhibitor (L-alanine to D-alanine)

A

D-cycloserine

2nd line TB drug that causes psychiatric side effects

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5
Q

Inhibits the enzyme for NAM synthesis

A

Fosfomycin
Broad spectrum for G+ and G-
Anaerobes are resistant

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6
Q

2nd line TB drug

A

D-cycloserine

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7
Q

Blocks cross linkage by binding D-Ala-D-Ala

A

Vancomycin

Used for Gram + organisms only

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8
Q

Anaerobes are resistant

A

Fosfomycin

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9
Q

Treatment for MRSA and MRSE

A

Vancomycin

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10
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis treatment

A

Vancomycin

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11
Q

If the patient has an allergy to penicillin for the treatment of a gram + organism, use…

A

Vancomycin

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12
Q

Non-beta-lectam peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors

A

Bacitracin
D-cycloserine
Fosfomycin
Vancomycin

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13
Q

Blocks the polymerization of the NAG and NAM subunits by binding the D-Ala residue

A

Vancomycin

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14
Q

Resistant organisms to this drug carry a plasmid that codes for two enzymes: VanH and VanA which converts D-Ala to D-Lac

A

Vancomycin

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15
Q

Penicillin that is destroyed by stomach acid

A

Penicillin G

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16
Q

Strep pneumo

A

Penicillin G or V

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17
Q

Strep pyogenes

A

Penicillin G or V

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18
Q

Viridans strep

A

Penicillin G or V

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19
Q

Syphilis

A

Penicillin

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20
Q

Actinomyces

A

Penicillin

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21
Q

Spirochetes (Borrelia, Leptospira, T. pallidum)

A

Penicillin

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22
Q

Staphylococcus is resistant to…

A

Penicillin

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23
Q

Given to treat Staph infections

A

Nafcillin

Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, and Dicloxacillin are also in this category

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24
Q

These drugs are not sensitive to Beta-lactamase

A

Isoxazolyl penicillins

ex. Nafcillin, Oxacillin…

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25
What are the three drugs that allow aminopenicillins to reach their target?
Clavulanic acid Sulbactam Tazobactem
26
Broad spectrum antibiotic that focuses more on gram negatives
Amoxicillin
27
Enterococcus and Listeria
Amoxicillin
28
Typhoid carriers, acute meningitis in kids, otitis media
Amoxicillin
29
Proteus
Amoxicillin
30
Clavulanic Acid + Amoxicillin
Augmentin
31
Pseudomonas
Piperacillin + Tazobactam (Zosyn)
32
These drugs are sensitive to Beta lactamases
Aminopenicilliins (Amoxicillin) | Anti-Pseudomonal penicillins (Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, and Piperacillin)
33
Comes from a Sardinian sewer mold
Cephalosporins
34
1st generation cephalosporins
Cefazolin, cephalexin, cephadroxil | All ph's except for cefazolin
35
Excellent against gram positives like staph and strep, but modest activity against gram negatives
1st generation cephalosporins
36
Good for staph and strep soft tissue infections
1st generation cephalosporins (cefazolin, cephalexin, cephadroxil)
37
2nd generation cephalosporins
Cefaclor, Cefuroxime, Cefprozil | Modest activity against gram positives, but increased activity against gram negatives. works against anaerobes
38
Covers all bacterial meningitis except resistant strep pneumo and listeria
Ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporin)
39
Good for nosocomial infections
Cefepime
40
This drug must be co-administered with another drug (cilastatin) in order to slow down its excretion in the kidneys
Imipenem
41
Imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, and doripenem
Carbapenems
42
Monobactams
Aztreonam
43
Works only on gram negative aerobes like Pseudomonas
Aztreonam
44
Bacteriocidal drugs
Aminoglycosides | Streptomycin, Amikacin, Gentamycin, Tobramycin
45
Bind the 30S subunit
Aminoglycosides
46
TB, rabbit fever, and the plague
Streptomycin
47
Aminoglycoside resistant gram negative rods
Amikacin
48
Binds the 50S subunit
Linezolid
49
Binds 30S subunit at the A site and prevents tRNA-AA from binding
Tetracyclines
50
Chelates metals so you cannot take it with milk
Tetracyclines
51
TetO protein confers a lot of resistance
Tetracyclines
52
This must be used as an alternative therapy due to extreme toxicity
Chloramphenicol
53
Binds 50S subunit at the P site and inhibits peptide bond formation
Chloramphenicol
54
Macrolides
Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Telithromycin
55
Binds 50S and blocks translocation
Macrolides Clindamycin Synercid
56
Increased risk of heart attacks
Azithromycin
57
Covers all DTaP bugs
Erythromycin
58
Enterococcus
Amoxicillin + Gentamicin
59
Ineffective against anaerobes and intracellular bacteria
Aminoglycosides | Streptomycin, Amikacin, Gentomycin, Tobramycin
60
Common mode of resistance to Chloramphenicol
Acetylation
61
Turns off an exotoxin produced by Staph and Strep
Clindamycin
62
Treats Toxic Shock Syndrome
Clindamycin
63
Efflux pumps and ERM genes are the mechs of resistance of this antibiotic
Macrolides
64
These are effective against gram positive, intracellular organisms
Macrolides
65
Excellent against anaerobes
Clindamycin
66
This drug acts by inhibiting gyrase and topoisomerase
Fluoroquinolones
67
This fluoroquinolone is especially good against gram negative bacteria
Ciprofloxacin
68
This fluoroquinolone is great against anaerobes
Gatifloxacin
69
These are prodrugs converted to radical ion by ferredoxin
Metronidazole (flagyl)
70
Drug of choice for strict anaerobes
Metronidazole
71
This drug works against parasites
Metronidazole
72
These drugs are competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthase (Causes PABA to become DHF). Cannot convert uracil to thymidine.
Sulfonamides
73
Stops DHF from becoming THF by blocking dihydrofolate reductase
Trimethoprim
74
Highly concentrated in the urine
Sulfonamides
75
Inhibit RNA polymerase
Rifampin
76
Turns urine orange
Rifampin
77
Depolarizes cell membranes causing cell death
Daptomycin
78
Membrane detergent
Polymyxin B and Polymyxin E
79
Prevents synthesis of mycolic acids
Isoniazid
80
Requires catalase peroxidase for activation
Isoniazid
81
Inhibits fatty acid synthase needed in cell wall synthesis
Pyrazinamide
82
Inhibits arabinosyl transferase involved in cell wall synthesis
Ethambutol

Bacteriology (3 decks)

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