Antibiotics

Question 1

What factors determine antibiotic use?

Answer 1

Site of infection, severity and situation
Extent
Renal impairment
Intolerances/allergies
Outpatient administration
Underlying factors (host comorbidities)
Swab/sample results

Question 2

What are 3 types of gram positive cocci?

Answer 2

staphylococcus
streptococcus
enterococci

Question 3

What are 2 types of gram positive bacilli?

Answer 3

clostridium

listeria

Question 4

What is 1 type of gram negative cocci?

Answer 4

neisseria

Question 5

What are 4 types of gram negative bacilli?

Answer 5

E coli
klebsiella
salmonella
pseudomonas

Question 6

What type of antibiotics are classed as beta lactams?

Answer 6

penicillins and cephalosporins

Question 7

What does penicillin cover?

Answer 7

streptococcus

Question 8

What does flucloxacillin cover?

Answer 8

streptococcus and staphylococcus

Question 9

What does amoxicillin cover?

Answer 9

gram positives and simple gram negatives (E coli and klebsiella)

Question 10

What does ceftriaxone cover?

Answer 10

gram positives and more difficult to treat gram negatives

Question 11

What does ceftazidime cover?

Answer 11

gram positives and very difficult to treat gram negatives (pseudomonas)

Question 12

What does meropenem cover?

Answer 12

gram positives and very difficult to treat gram negatives (pseudomonas)

Question 13

What are 1st generation cephalosporins?

Answer 13

cefazolin, cephalexin

Question 14

What is a 3rd generation cephalosporin?

Answer 14

ceftriaxone

Question 15

What antibiotics are classed as glycopeptides?

Answer 15

vancomycin and teicoplanin

Question 16

What is vancomycin used to treat?

Answer 16

MRSA

Question 17

What is teicoplanin used to treat?

Answer 17

VRE

Question 18

What antibiotic is classed as a lincosamide?

Answer 18

clindamycin

Question 19

What is clindamycin used to treat?

Answer 19

community acquired MRSA and toxic shock syndrome (toxins)

Question 20

What antibiotics are classed as aminoglycosides?

Answer 20

gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin

Question 21

What do aminoglycosides cover?

Answer 21

gram negatives

Question 22

What antibiotics are classed as fluoroquinolones?

Answer 22

ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, moxifloxacin

Question 23

What do fluroquinolones cover?

Answer 23

gram negatives (and also some gram positives)

Question 24

What is the only oral anti pseudomonas agent?

Answer 24

ciprofloxacin

Question 25

What antibiotic is classed as a tetracycline?

Answer 25

doxycycline

Question 26

What antibiotics are classed as macrolides?

Answer 26

erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

Question 27

What antibiotic is used to treat H pylori?

Answer 27

clarithromycin

Question 28

What antibiotic is classed as a sulfonamide?

Answer 28

co-trimoxazole

Question 29

What is co-trimoxazole used to treat?

Answer 29

PJP

Question 30

What is used to treat anaerobes?

Answer 30

metronidazole

Question 31

How do you give the correct dose of gentamicin?

Answer 31

Calculate a dose based on weight and renal function, then collect a level at the end of the infusion and a level 6-8 hours later to work out the area under the curve

Question 32

What toxicity is caused by gentamicin?

Answer 32

renal toxicity and otovestibulartoxicity

Question 33

How do you give the correct dose of vancomycin?

Answer 33

Calculate a dose based on weight and renal function and then adjust according to the level just before the next dose (trough level)

Question 34

What is the oral dose of flucloxacillin?

Answer 34

500mg QID

Question 35

What are common drugs used to treat cellulitis?

Answer 35

flucloxacillin or cefazolin

Question 36

What are the commonest causes of community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 36

strep pneumoniae and mycoplasma

Question 37

What are antibiotics used to treat community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 37

ben pen and doxycycline or if severe/allergy ceftriaxone and azithromycin

Question 38

What is used to treat aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 38

ben pen or if risk of abscess add metronidazole

Question 39

What are the features of the SMART COP pneumonia severity score?

Answer 39

``` systolic BP < 90 multilobar CXR involvement albumin less than 35mg respiratory rate more than 25 tachycardia more than 125 confusion oxygen low (sats less than 90%) pH less than 7.35 ```

Question 40

What are 'triple antis'?

Answer 40

amoxicillin/ampicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole

Question 41

Why would you use ceftriaxone instead of amoxicillin and gentamicin?

Answer 41

renal impairment or allergy

Question 42

What would you use for triple antis if there was penicillin anaphylaxis?

Answer 42

vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole (can't use vanc and gent together)

Question 43

What should patients on triple antis go home on?

Answer 43

augmentin

Question 44

What is used to treat pyelonephritis?

Answer 44

ampicillin and gentamicin