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TTP > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What factors determine antibiotic use?

A 
Site of infection, severity and situation
Extent
Renal impairment
Intolerances/allergies
Outpatient administration
Underlying factors (host comorbidities)
Swab/sample results
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2
Q

What are 3 types of gram positive cocci?

A

staphylococcus
streptococcus
enterococci

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3
Q

What are 2 types of gram positive bacilli?

A

clostridium

listeria

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4
Q

What is 1 type of gram negative cocci?

A

neisseria

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5
Q

What are 4 types of gram negative bacilli?

A

E coli
klebsiella
salmonella
pseudomonas

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6
Q

What type of antibiotics are classed as beta lactams?

A

penicillins and cephalosporins

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7
Q

What does penicillin cover?

A

streptococcus

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8
Q

What does flucloxacillin cover?

A

streptococcus and staphylococcus

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9
Q

What does amoxicillin cover?

A

gram positives and simple gram negatives (E coli and klebsiella)

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10
Q

What does ceftriaxone cover?

A

gram positives and more difficult to treat gram negatives

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11
Q

What does ceftazidime cover?

A

gram positives and very difficult to treat gram negatives (pseudomonas)

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12
Q

What does meropenem cover?

A

gram positives and very difficult to treat gram negatives (pseudomonas)

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13
Q

What are 1st generation cephalosporins?

A

cefazolin, cephalexin

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14
Q

What is a 3rd generation cephalosporin?

A

ceftriaxone

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15
Q

What antibiotics are classed as glycopeptides?

A

vancomycin and teicoplanin

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16
Q

What is vancomycin used to treat?

A

MRSA

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17
Q

What is teicoplanin used to treat?

A

VRE

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18
Q

What antibiotic is classed as a lincosamide?

A

clindamycin

19
Q

What is clindamycin used to treat?

A

community acquired MRSA and toxic shock syndrome (toxins)

20
Q

What antibiotics are classed as aminoglycosides?

A

gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin

21
Q

What do aminoglycosides cover?

A

gram negatives

22
Q

What antibiotics are classed as fluoroquinolones?

A

ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, moxifloxacin

23
Q

What do fluroquinolones cover?

A

gram negatives (and also some gram positives)

24
Q

What is the only oral anti pseudomonas agent?

A

ciprofloxacin

25
Q

What antibiotic is classed as a tetracycline?

A

doxycycline

26
Q

What antibiotics are classed as macrolides?

A

erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

27
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat H pylori?

A

clarithromycin

28
Q

What antibiotic is classed as a sulfonamide?

A

co-trimoxazole

29
Q

What is co-trimoxazole used to treat?

A

PJP

30
Q

What is used to treat anaerobes?

A

metronidazole

31
Q

How do you give the correct dose of gentamicin?

A

Calculate a dose based on weight and renal function, then collect a level at the end of the infusion and a level 6-8 hours later to work out the area under the curve

32
Q

What toxicity is caused by gentamicin?

A

renal toxicity and otovestibulartoxicity

33
Q

How do you give the correct dose of vancomycin?

A

Calculate a dose based on weight and renal function and then adjust according to the level just before the next dose (trough level)

34
Q

What is the oral dose of flucloxacillin?

A

500mg QID

35
Q

What are common drugs used to treat cellulitis?

A

flucloxacillin or cefazolin

36
Q

What are the commonest causes of community acquired pneumonia?

A

strep pneumoniae and mycoplasma

37
Q

What are antibiotics used to treat community acquired pneumonia?

A

ben pen and doxycycline or if severe/allergy ceftriaxone and azithromycin

38
Q

What is used to treat aspiration pneumonia?

A

ben pen or if risk of abscess add metronidazole

39
Q

What are the features of the SMART COP pneumonia severity score?

A 
systolic BP < 90
multilobar CXR involvement
albumin less than 35mg
respiratory rate more than 25
tachycardia more than 125
confusion
oxygen low (sats less than 90%)
pH less than 7.35
40
Q

What are ‘triple antis’?

A

amoxicillin/ampicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole

41
Q

Why would you use ceftriaxone instead of amoxicillin and gentamicin?

A

renal impairment or allergy

42
Q

What would you use for triple antis if there was penicillin anaphylaxis?

A

vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole (can’t use vanc and gent together)

43
Q

What should patients on triple antis go home on?

A

augmentin

44
Q

What is used to treat pyelonephritis?

A

ampicillin and gentamicin

TTP (10 decks)

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