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Antibiotics Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

Penicillin G or V class?

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Beta lactam
Natural penicillin

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2
Q

Penicillin G or V spectrum?

A

Anaerobes
Wimpy Gram Negs
Streptococcus

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3
Q

Ampicillin class?

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Beta lactam
Aminopenicillin

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4
Q

Amoxicillin spectrum?

A

Anaerobes
Wimpy Gram Negs
Some enteric Gram Negs
Strep +/- Enterococcus

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5
Q

Ticarcillin, piperacillin, carbincillin class?

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Beta lactam
Anti-Pseudomonal penicillin

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6
Q

Ampicillin spectrum?

A

Anaerobes
Wimpy Gram Negs
Some enteric Gram Negs
Strep +/- Enterococcus

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7
Q

Sulbactum + ampicillin class?

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Beta lactam + beta-lactamase inhibitors

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8
Q

Cloxacillin spectrum?

A

Staphylococcus

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9
Q

Cefoxitin, cefaclor class?

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

2nd generation cephalosporin

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10
Q

Ticarcillin, piperacillin, carbincillin spectrum?

A

Anaerobes
Pseudomonas
Resistant Gram neg bacteria
Strep +/- enterococcus

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11
Q

Imipenem class?

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor

Beta lactam - not used in veterinary medicine

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12
Q

Clavulanate + amoxicllin/ticarcillin spectrum?

A

Anaerobes
Strep + Staph
Wimpy Gram negs

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13
Q

Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline class?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Tetracyclines

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14
Q

Sulbactum + ampicillin spectrum?

A

Anaerobes
Strep + Staph
Wimpy Gram negs

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15
Q

Chloramphenicol, florfenicol class?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Amphenicols

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16
Q

Cefalexin, cefazolin spectrum?

A

Anaerobes
Strep + Staph
Wimpy Gram negs
Some enteric gram negs

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17
Q

Lincomycin, clindamycin class?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Lincosamides

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18
Q

Cefoxitin, cefaclor spectrum?

A

Wimpy Gram negs

Enteric Gram negs

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19
Q

Enrofloxacin, orbifloxacin class?

A

Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

Fluoroquinolones

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20
Q

Ceftiofur, cefpodoxime, cefovecin spectrum?

A

All Gram negs

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21
Q

Metronidazole class?

A

Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor

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22
Q

Imipenem spectrum?

A

All four quadrants

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23
Q

Vancomycin spectrum?

A

All Gram Pos cocci

Many resistant infections

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24
Q

Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline spectrum?

A

Strep
Wimpy Gram negs
Unusual bacteria: rickettsia, neorickettsia, anaplasma, mycoplasma

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25
Gentamicin, amikacin spectrum?
``` Aerobic gram negatives Pseudomonas Enteric gram negs Strep and staph Enterococcus if combined with penicillins ```
26
Chloramphenicol, florfenical spectrum?
Strep | Wimpy gram negs
27
Erythromycin, tylosin, azithromycin spectrum?
Strep +/- Staph | Wimpy Gram negs
28
Lincomycin, clindamycin spectrum?
Anaerobes | Strep +/- Staph
29
Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine spectrum?
``` Wimpy Gram negs Strep Some anaerobes Nocardia Urinary tract infections Infection of privileged sites ```
30
Enrofloxacin, orbifloxacin spectrum?
Staph +/- Strep and enterococcus | All Gram neg (wimpy, enteric, pseudomonas)
31
Rifampin spectrum?
Gram + aerobes | Some anaerobes
32
Metronidazole spectrum?
Anaerobes
33
Metronidazole spectrum?
Anaerobes
34
Bacteria that are obligate anaerobes
Clostridium Peptostreptococcus Bacteroides Fusobacterium
35
Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine class?
Metabolism inhibitors | Sulfonamides + Folate reduction inhibitor (potentiated sulfa)
36
Bacteria that are wimpy Gram neg
Bordetella Pasteurella Mannhemia
37
Bacteria that are enteric Gram neg
``` E. coli Klebsiella Proteus Enterobacter Salmonella ```
38
Bacteria that are enteric Gram neg
``` E. coli Klebsiella Proteus Enterobacter Salmonella ```
39
What are the targets of beta lactams?
Cell wall peptidoglycans, transpeptidase specifically.
40
Mechanism of resistance for beta lactams?
Inactivation of drug (beta-lactamases) Altered target (transpeptidase) Failure to reach target (altered porin size)
41
Mechanism of resistance for beta lactams?
Inactivation of drug (beta-lactamases) Altered target (transpeptidase) Failure to reach target (altered porin size)
42
Abx for anaerobic infections?
Penicillins Clindamycin Chloramphenicol Metronidazole
43
Abx for Staphylococcal infections?
Clavamox 1st gen cephalosporins (Maybe - anti-staph penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, 3rd gen cephalosporins)
44
Abx for enterococcal infections?
Beta lactates Aminoglycosides (Maybe - vancomycin)
45
Abx for streptococcal infections?
Natural penicillins Macrolide's Potentiated sulfas
46
Abx for streptococcal infections?
``` Natural penicillins Aminopenicillins Macrolide's Potentiated sulfas Lincosamides (Maybe - 1st gen cephalosporins) ```
47
Abx for Wimpy Gram neg infections?
``` Aminopenicillins Lincosamides Potentiated sulfas Macrolide's Tetracyclines ```
48
Abx for enteric gram neg or pseudomonas infections?
Fluroquinolones 2nd gen or 3rd gen cephalosporins Aminoglycosides Antipseudomonal penicillins
49
Penicillin G, Penicillin V negative attributes?
GI upset Allergy Acid-labile (cannot give orally) Must combine with Na or K salts to be water soluble
50
Penicillin G, Penicillin V clinical uses?
Septic foals | Cattle
51
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin negative attributes?
GI upset Allergy Low oral bioavailability in cattle and horses
52
Abx for Nocardia?
Potentiated sulfas (double dose)
53
Cloxacillin negative attributes?
GI upset | Allergy
54
Cloxacillin clinical uses?
Mastitis in cattle
55
Ticarcillin, piperacillin, carbenicillin negative attributes?
GI upset | Allergy
56
Ticarcillin, piperacillin, carbenicillin clinical uses?
Used for resistant infections in small animals | Metritis in mares
57
Clavulanate + amoxicilin/ticarcillin negative attributes?
GI upset Allergy Short shelf life (forms polymers)
58
Clavulanate + amoxicillin/ticarcillin clinical uses?
Pretty much everything in dogs and cats
59
Cefalexin, Cefazolin negative attributes?
Short half life
60
Ceftiofur, cefpodoxime, cefovecin negative attributes?
Ceftiofur, cefpodoxime - short half life
61
Cefalexin, Cefazolin, cephapirin clinical uses?
Cefalexin: pyoderma in dogs and cats Cefazolin: IV for orthopedic surgeries Cephapirin: intramammary infusion for mastitis
62
Cefoxitin, Cefaclor clinical uses?
Cefoxitin: prophylactic treatment for abdominal surgeries in referral hospitals
63
Ceftiofur, cefopodoxime, cefovecin clinical uses?
Cetiofur - respiratory infections in horses and cattle | Cefovecin - long half life so can use in animals that can't be medicated frequently
64
Ceftiofur, cefopodoxime, cefovecin clinical uses?
Cetiofur - respiratory infections in horses and cattle Cefovecin - long half life so can use in animals that can't be medicated frequently for soft tissue infection. Cefopodoxime - pyoderma in dogs and cats
65
Abx for Rickettsia and Anaplasma?
Tetracyclines
66
Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline negative attributes?
``` GI upset Allergy Teeth staining IV doxycycline is fatal in horses Fever Renal toxicity Liver toxicity Esophageal stricture/fibrosis in cats ```
67
Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline clinical uses?
Oxytetracycline: respiratory disease, anaplasmosis, and mastitis in cattle, neorickettsia in horses. Doxycycline: respiratory infection and ehrlicia, rickettsia, and mycoplasma in dogs and cats.
68
Gentamicin, amikacin negative attributes?
Nephrotoxicity (do not give with NSAIDs or in dehydrated animal) Ototoxicity (don't use in service animals) Neuromuscular blockade (don't use with atricurium or muscle relaxants) Not absorbed orally Long withdrawal time for food animals
69
Gentamicin, amikacin clinical uses?
Gentamin: enteric gram negatives in adult horses or regional limb perfusions. Amikacin: septic foals, aerobic gram neg infection in dogs and cats.
70
Chloramphenicol, florfenicol negative attributes?
Bone marrow damage - aplastic animal NEVER use chloramphenicol in food animals Florfenicol - diarrhea in horses
71
Chloramphenicol, florfenicol clinical uses?
Chloramphenicol: CMS infections in small animals. Florfenicol: Cattle respiratory disease or footrot, R. equi in foals.
72
Erythromycin, tylosin, azithromycin negative attributes?
Hyperthermia in foals Severe colitis/diarrhea in horses Tilmicosin: fatal CV collapse in high doses IV
73
Erythromycin, tylosin, azithromycin clinical uses?
Respiratory infections
74
Lincomycin, clindamycin negative attributes?
Cannot use in horses (predisposes to C.dificile)
75
Lincomycin, clindamycin clinical uses?
Oral cavity infections | Toxoplasmosis in cats
76
Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine negative attributes?
Hypersensitivity in Doberman Pinschers (liver, skin, renal, and polyarthritis effects) Keratoconjunctivitis sick (lacrimal gland destruction) Most common tissue violation in dairy cattle
77
Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine clinical uses?
Infections in privileged sites - CNS, prostate, synovial tissue, urine. Horses: respiratory infections Cattle: Coccidiosis, enteritis, pneumonia, pododermatitis
78
Enrofloxacin, orbifloxacin negative attributes?
``` Direct cartilage toxicity Retinopathy CNS - photosensitivity Chelated by divalent/trivalent cations Inhibit CYP enzymes Ciprofloxacin may cause urinary calculi ```
79
Enrofloxacin, orbifloxacin clinical uses?
Cattle: shipping fever
80
Rifampin negative attributes?
Resistance is acquired extremely rapidly! Liver toxicity Red-orange urine
81
Rifampin clinical uses?
``` R.equi when combined with macrocodes Staph infections (esp MRSA) in dogs ```
82
Metronidazole negative attributes?
Vestibular toxicity Hyposmia (don't use in scenting dogs) Bitter taste Illegal in food animals
83
Metronidazole clinical uses?
Diarrhea | Other anaerobic infections
84
Rifampin mechanism of resistance?
Altered target
85
Classes of antibiotics that are bactericidal?
``` Beta-lactams Aminoglycosides Fluoroquinolones Rifampin Metronidazole Potentiated sulfas ```
86
Classes of antibiotics that are bacteriostatic?
``` Lincosamides Macrolides Amphenicols Tetracyclines Sulfonamides (alone) Folate Reduction inhibitors (alone) ```
87
Drugs that are Natural Penicillins?
Penicillin G or V
88
Drugs that are Aminopenicillins?
Amoxicillin | Ampicillin
89
Drugs that are Antistaph penicillins?
Cloxacillin
90
Drugs that are penicillins combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors?
Clavulanate + Amoxicillin/Ticarcillin | Sulbactum + Ampicillin
91
Classes of drugs that are beta lactams?
Penicillins | Cephalosporins
92
Classes of drugs that are Cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
Beta lactates | Glycopeptides
93
Drugs that are 1st gen cephalosporins?
Cefalexin Cefadroxil Cefazolin
94
Drugs that are 2nd gen cephalosporins?
Cefoxitin | Cefaclor
95
Drugs that are 3rd gen cephalosporins?
Ceftiofur Cefpodoxime Cefovecin
96
Classes that are protein synthesis inhibitors?
``` Tetracyclines Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Macrolides Lincosamides ```
97
Classes that are metabolism inhibitors?
Potentiated sulfas
98
Classes that are nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors?
Fluoroquinolones Rifampin Metronidazole
99
Drugs that are anti-pseudomonal penicillins?
Ticaricllin Piperacillin Carbenicillin
100
Drugs that are tetracyclines?
Tetracycline Oxytetracycline Doxycycline
101
Drugs that are aminoglycosides?
Gentamicin Amikacin Ophthalmic: neomycin, tobramycin
102
Drugs that are amphenicols?
Chloramphenicol, florfenicol, thiamphenicol
103
Drugs that are macrolides?
``` Erythromycin Tylosin Azithromycin Tilmicosin Tulathromycin ```
104
Drugs that are lincosamides?
Lincomycin | Clindamycin
105
Drugs that are potentiated sulfas?
Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine
106
Drugs that are fluroquinolones?
``` Enrofloxacin Orbifloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin Pradofloxacin (cats only) ```

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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