antibiotics/antifungal - session 2

Question 1

What drug class can cause damage to cartilage in young rapidly growing animals?

Answer 1

Fluoroquinolones

Question 2

Are gram neg cocci common pathogens in dogs and cats?

Answer 2

Not common.

Common: Gram neg rods (ie E.coli)

Question 3

What bacterial species is metronidazole effective against?

Answer 3

Metronidazole is effective against anaerobes.

Question 4

classify the bacteria: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Answer 4

gram pos, cocci, commonly causes pyoderma

Question 5

Classify the bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 5

gram pos, cocci, humans

Question 6

What drug has poor oral bioavailability in dogs?

• itraconazole
• amoxicillin
• ciprofloxacin
• nitrofurantoin

Answer 6

Ciprofloxacin has poor oral bioavailability.

Fluoroquinolone

Question 7

What drug class is ciprofloxacin?

Answer 7

Fluoroquinolone

Question 8

What antibiotic drug class is contraindicated in renal disease patients?

Answer 8

Aminoglycosides (ie Gentamicin)

Question 9

Classify the bacteria: E.coli

Answer 9

gram neg, rod

Question 10

Classify the bacteria: clostridium

Answer 10

gram pos anaerobe

Question 11

Classify the bacteria: Salmonella

Answer 11

gram neg aerobe

Question 12

What drugs have reduced oral bioavailability when used with drugs that inc gastric pH?

Answer 12

• azole anti fungals
• diazepam
• furosemide

Question 13

Classify the bacteria: Fusobacterium

Answer 13

gram neg anaerobic rod

Question 14

Classify the bacteria: Nocardia asteroides

Answer 14

gram pos

Question 15

Classify the bacteria: Pseudomonas aeroginosa

Answer 15

Gram pos, aerobic, rod

Question 16

What is the difference between first and third generation cephlosporins?

Answer 16

3rd gen have greater lactamase resistance

Question 17

Are cephalosporins efffective against MRS?

Answer 17

NO

Question 18

What is the recommended treatment for UTIs?

Answer 18

Amoxicillin (beta lactams have good bladder concentrations)

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action of gentamicin?

Answer 19

Aminoglycoside - protein synthesis inhibition

Question 20

What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?

Answer 20

Inhibition of folic acid

Question 21

What is the mechanism of action of Marbofloxacin?

Answer 21

Fluroquinolones - inhibit DNA replication

Question 22

What infections warrant 4-quadrant antibiotic empirical therapy?

Answer 22

Life threatening: septic peritonitis, aspiration pneumonia

Question 23

What are 2 acceptable empirical therapies for UTI?

Answer 23

Amoxicillin and Trimethoprim Sulfonamide

Question 24

What treatment is used for tritrichomonas foetus ?

Answer 24

Ronidazole

Question 25

What is an adverse effect seen at high doses of metronidazole?

Answer 25

Neurotoxicity

Question 26

What is the drug of choice for dermatophytosis?

Answer 26

Itraconazole

Question 27

Why are ketoconazole and cyclosporine sometimes combined?

Answer 27

P450 inhibition from ketoconazole can be used to reduce required doses of more expensive drugs

Question 28

Why must humans wear PPE when handling Chloramphenicol?

Answer 28

Can cause aplastic anemia in people

Question 29

What drugs are commonly used to treat antibiotic responsive gastritis?

Answer 29

Tylosin and metrondiazole

Question 30

What drug class is erythromycin?

Answer 30

Macrolide

Question 31

Name 2 macrolides.

Answer 31

Erythromycin | Tylosin

Question 32

What is the mechanism of action of erythromycin?

Answer 32

Inhibits protein synthesis

Question 33

What is the mechanism of action of clindamycin?

Answer 33

Inhibits protein synthesis

Question 34

What 2 drugs can cause esophageal damage and should always be chased with water?

Answer 34

Clindamycin | Doxycycline

Question 35

What is the recommended treatment for Giardia?

Answer 35

Fembendazole - pregnant animals Metrondiazole - high doses combination therapy frequent bathing - cysts attach to coat both extra-label use

Question 36

What drug class is doxycycline?

Answer 36

Tetracycline

Question 37

What is the mechanism of action of doxycycline?

Answer 37

inhibits protein synthesis

Question 38

Which is preferred for pyoderma? Amoxicillin clavulanate or Amoxicillin

Answer 38

Amoxicillin clavulanate has more action against staph and strep Amoxicillin ideal for urinary tract

Question 39

KCS, hypersensitivity, and secondary immune mediated thrombocytopenia are adverse effects seen with which class of antibiotics?

Answer 39

sulfonamides

Question 40

What drug can cause a red color in the urine, sclera and saliva?

Answer 40

Rifampin

Question 41

Which antibiotic classes are ineffective against anaerobes (3)?

Answer 41

Aminoglycosides Enrofloxacin/Fluoriquinolones Sulfonamides

Question 42

What causes methicillin resistance and what drugs are ineffective against MRS?

Answer 42

target modification of penicillin binding protein MOA of beta lactams now ineffective -bind to PBP on cell wall of bacteria

Question 43

How often are concentration dependent drugs dosed and what classes are conc dependent?

Answer 43

SID Fluoroquinolones & aminoglycosides