GI drugs and toxicity - session 7

Question 1

When performing a thoracocentesis, where should the needle be placed and why?

Answer 1

caudal aspect of the intercostal space between 7th or 8th rib
Place the needle more dorsally if pneumothorax is suspected or ventrally if fluid is thought to be the primary problem

cranial aspect of intercostal space (caudal aspect of ribs) has nerves and vessels
heart lies bw 3rd and 4th intercostal space

Question 2

When is thoracocentesis indicated in a patient with hemothorax?

Answer 2

when respiratory compromise is severe

Question 3

What is the preferred drug for inducing vomiting in dogs and what is its MOA?

Answer 3

Apomorphine

Dopamine Agonist

Question 4

What is the preferred drug for inducing vomiting in cats and what is its MOA?

Answer 4

Xylazine

Alpha 2 agonist

Question 5

Are emetics agonists or antagonists of the vomiting receptors?

Answer 5

Emetic = agonist
Antiemtic = antagonist

Question 6

maropitant class and MOA

Answer 6

antiemetic

NK 1 antagonist

Question 7

ondansetron class and MOA

Answer 7

serotonin antagonist

antiemetic

Question 8

prochlorperazine class and MOA

Answer 8

serotonin antagonists

antiemetic

Question 9

metoclopramide class & MOA

Answer 9

prokinetic

dopamine antagonist

Question 10

What antimicrobial can be used as a prokinetic?

Answer 10

Erythromycin

Question 11

ranitadine class

Answer 11

H2 antagonist

Question 12

omperazole class

Answer 12

PPI

Question 13

Famotidine class

Answer 13

H2 antagonist

Ranitadine
Cimetadine

Question 14

What is misprostol and what is it used for?

Answer 14

Synthetic prostaglandin used for GI protectant

Question 15

What is Diphenoxylate used for and MOA?

Answer 15

Antidiarrheal
Opioid
poorly active in CNS

Question 16

What is Loperamide used for and MOA?

Answer 16

Antidiarrheal
Opioid
Active in CNS
MDR1 dogs @ risk for toxicity

Question 17

What is Bismuth Subsalicylate used for?

Answer 17

GI protectant
Overdose causes toxicity in cats
Bactericidal against helicobacter

Question 18

Why is ingestion of raw bread dough potentially toxic to dogs

Answer 18

• ethanol toxicity from fermentation
• gastric distension from dough expansion
• can cause dypsnea from distension

Question 19

In patients with chocolate toxicosis, why is placement of a urinary catheter or frequent walks important?

Answer 19

Methylxanthines can be absorbed through the urinary bladder wall.

Question 20

What are the effects in dogs of xylitol toxicity?

Answer 20

Hypoglycemia
Hepatic Necrosis
Seizure activity (from hypoglycemia)

Question 21

What is used to treat ethylene glycol toxicity?

Answer 21

Fomepizole

Ethanole

Question 22

What is used to treat acetaminophen toxicity?

Answer 22

N-acetylcysteine

Question 23

What is used to treat amphetamine toxicity?

Answer 23

Acepromazine

Question 24

Paintball ingestion can lead to which of the following?

Answer 24

Hypernatremia and free water loss

Question 25

What is used to treat opioid toxicity?

Answer 25

Naloxone

Question 26

Which of the following is the most important thing to do first in a dog that has been playing with a Bufo toad and is now hypersalivating and has brick red mucous membranes?

Answer 26

Oral Lavage

Question 27

What is the antidote for SSRI's?

Answer 27

Cyproheptadine

Question 28

What is the antidote for cholecalciferol?

Answer 28

Pamidronate

Question 29

What is the antidote for warfarin toxicity?

Answer 29

Vitamine K

Question 30

In dogs, which form of vitamin K has the best bioavailability?

Answer 30

Oral Do not give IM or IV due to risk of hemorrhage or anaphylaxis

Question 31

If you do not know what rodenticide caused toxicity, how long should you continue Vit K?

Answer 31

4 weeks

Question 32

What is the result of toxicity with warfarin, brodifacoum, diphacenone or chlorophacinone and what is the treatment?

Answer 32

anticoagulent rodenticides | Vitamin K

Question 33

When would you use vitamin K vs give fresh frozen plasma for a patient with suspected rodenticide toxicity?

Answer 33

Fresh frozen plasma will immediately provide clotting factors. Vitamin K helps make more clotting factors so it takes longer to take effect

Question 34

Which class of GI protectants inhibits C450?

Answer 34

H2 antagonists