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Pharmacology > Antibiotics/Antivirals/Anti-fungals Condensed Version > Flashcards

Antibiotics/Antivirals/Anti-fungals Condensed Version Flashcards

(113 cards)

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1
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

inhibits synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid

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2
Q

Sulfonamides bacteriostatic or bactericidal

A

bacteriostatic

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3
Q

Sulfonamide meds

A

Sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim

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4
Q

Sulfonamide Use

A

UTIs - E. Coli
MRSA

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5
Q

Sulfonamide side effects

A

Photosensitivity, stevens-johnson syndrome, itching, rash, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, renal damage

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6
Q

Sulfonamide implications

A

Decrease sun, increase water, teratogenic (moms, <2 months), monitor BS in DM patients

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7
Q

Penicillin bactericidal or bacteriostatic

A

bactericidal

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8
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

weaken bacterial cell wall

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9
Q

Penicillin meds

A
  • Narrow (s): penicillin G/V
  • Narrow (r): nafcillin
  • Broad: ampicillin, amoxicillin
  • Extended: piperacillin
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10
Q

Penicillin uses

A

skin, ear, urinary, STIs, pneumonia, meningitis

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11
Q

Penicillin side effects

A

Allergic reaction: anaphylaxis, rash itching, hives
Broad: rash/diarrhea

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12
Q

Penicillin implications

A

PO: empty stomach
IM: prescribed in units, aspirate
Keep epi/resp support for 30mins

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13
Q

Cephalosporins bacteriostatic or bactericidal

A

bactericidal

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14
Q

Cephalosporin MOA

A

weaken bacterial wall

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15
Q

Cephalosporin med

A

increase activity against gram (-) bacteria, resistance to beta-lactamases, and ability to reach CSF/cross BBB with each new generation

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16
Q

Ceph generations

A
  1. cefazolin
  2. cefotetan
  3. ceftriaxone
  4. cefepime
  5. ceftaroline
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17
Q

Cephalosporin use

A

meningitis, MRSA

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18
Q

Cephalosporin side effects

A

CEF the GIANT

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19
Q

Cephalosporin implications

A
  • use cautiously with renal insufficiency
  • rotate IVs to avoid thrombophlebitis
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20
Q

Vancomycin bactericidal or bacteriostatic

A

bactericidal

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21
Q

Vancomycin MOA

A

weakens cell wall

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22
Q

Vancomycin use

A

CDI, MRSA, alt/PCN, reserve for severe infections

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23
Q

Vancomycin side effects

A

Ototoxic, nephrotoxic, red person syndrome (flushing, rash, itching, tachycardia, hypotension)

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24
Q

Vancomycin implications

A
  • infuse slowly
  • 10-20mcg/mL range
  • Avoid alcohol
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25
Tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bactericidal
bacteriostatic
26
Tetracycline MOA
inhibit protein synthesis
27
Tetracycline meds
doxycycline, minocycline
28
Tetracycline use
Chlamydia, acne
29
Tetracycline side effects
GI, teeth stain, suppress bone growth, CDI superinfection, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, photosensitivity
30
Tetracycline implications
- no antacids or milk - teratogenic (moms, <8 y/o) - don't give if renal insufficient - Empty stomach, w/food for GI distress - sunscreen
31
Macrolides bacteriostatic or bactericidal
bacteriostatic
32
Macrolides MOA
inhibit protein synthesis
33
Macrolides meds
erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
34
Macrolides use
Respiratory: pneumonia, sinus Skin: chlamydia, ear Alt/PCN
35
Macrolides side effects
QT prolongation, hepatotoxic, GI
36
Macrolides implications
- avoid antacids and antidysrhythmic drugs - w/food for GI distress
37
Oxizolidinones bacteriostatic or bactericidal
bacteriostatic
38
Oxizolidinones meds
linezolid
39
Linezolid MOA
inhibit protein synthesis
40
Oxizolidinones use
VRE, MRSA
41
Oxizolidinones side effects
myelosuppression - decreased bone marrow activity
42
Oxizolidinones implications
- monitor CBC for myelosuppression - avoid MAO inhibitors, tyramine, SSRIs
43
Clindamycin MOA
inhibits protein synthesis
44
Clindamycin use
MRSA, alt/PCN
45
Clindamycin side effects
CDI
46
Clindamycin implications
monitor liver, educate on CDI
47
Aminoglycosides bacteriostatic or bactericidal
bactericidal
48
Aminoglycosides MOA
inhibits protein synthesis
49
Aminoglycosides med
gentamycin
50
Aminoglycosides Use
serious aerobic gram (-) infections
51
Aminoglycoside side effects
ototoxic, nephrotoxic
52
Aminoglycosides implications
- monitor peaks and troughs - daily IV preferred - decrease ototoxicity
53
Fluoroquinolones MOA
inhibit DNA/RNA
54
Fluoroquinolones meds
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
55
Fluoroquinolones Use
respiratory, UTI, GI infections
56
Fluoroquinolone side effects
photosensitivity, tendon rupture
57
Fluoroquinolones implications
- sunscreen - no milk, antacids, cationic compounds
58
Metronidazole MOA
inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
59
Metronidazole use
CDI, gardnerella vaginalis, H pylori
60
Metronidazole side effects
neurotoxic, metallic taste, hepatotoxic, urine discoloration
61
Metronidazole implication
no alcohol - disulfiram reaction
62
Isoniazid MOA
inhibit growth of mycobacteria
63
Isoniazid use
active and latent TB
64
Isoniazid side effects
hepatotoxic, peripheral neuropathy (treat with pyridoxine, vitamin B), optic neuritis, anemia
65
Isoniazid implications
- monitor liver enzymes - no alcohol
66
Rifampin MOA
destroys DNA/RNA
67
Rifampin Use
TB, MRSA
68
Rifampin side effects
hepatotoxic, red/orange body fluids
69
Rifampin implications
- contraindicated w/liver disease - minimize alcohol - monitor liver - drug interaction w/birth control
70
Pyrazinamide MOA
inhibits growth of mycobacteria
71
Pyrazinamide use
TB
72
Pyrazinamide side effects
hepatotoxic, hyperuricemia
73
Pyrazinamide implications
- monitor liver - liver and kidney tests frequently
74
Ethambutol MOA
inhibit growth of mycobacterium
75
Ethambutol use
TB and resistant TB
76
Ethambutol side effects
optic neuritis, hyperuricemia, not hepatotoxic
77
Ethambutol implications
educate on optic neuritis monitor hyperuricemia
78
Amphotericin B MOA
increase cell membrane permeability
79
Amphotericin B use
systemic mycoses, IV only, not absorbed well through intestine
80
Amphotericin B side effects
nephrotoxic, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, highly toxic, infusion reaction (fever, chills, nausea, headache)
81
Amphotericin B implications
- monitor urine output - 1000mL normal saline day of meds - pretreat with diphenhydramine and acetaminophen - infuse slowly over 2-4 hrs - IV only - monitor potassium levels
82
Itraconazole/fluconazole MOA
inhibits fungal cytochrome
83
Itraconazole/fluconazole route
PO, topical, alt for ampho-b
84
Itraconazole/fluconazole use
systemic mycoses + superficial fungal infections
85
Itraconazole/fluconazole side effects
Decreased HR, hepatotoxic, drugs that decrease gastric acidity reduce PO absorption
86
Itraconazole/fluconazole implications
- educate on GI effects + drug interactions - monitor liver + HR
87
AZT/Zidovudine MOA
early termination of DNA strand
88
AZT/Zidovudine use
HIV/AIDS - choice of drugs
89
AZT/Zidovudine side effects
Severe anemia, neutropenia, liver damage, lactic acidosis w/hepatomegaly
90
AZT/Zidovudine implications
monitor liver + CBC
91
Lopinavir/ritonavir, fosamprenavir MOA
cleaves bonds in polyprotein to keep virus immature and noninfectious
92
Lopinavir/ritonavir, fosamprenavir use
HIV
93
Lopinavir/ritonavir, fosamprenavir side effects
Hyperglycemia, DM, lipodystrophy, hyperlipidemia
94
Lopinavir/ritonavir, fosamprenavir implications
- high fat meals can increase toxicity - monitor liver, lipids, glucose - take on empty stomach at night
95
Efavirenz MOA
direct inhibition
96
Efavirenz use
HIV
97
Efavirenz side effects
CNS: insomnia, depression, HA, impaired consciousness Hepatotoxic Teratogenic
98
Efavirenz implications
- do not take if pregnant/trying - empty stomach at night - monitor liver - high fat meals can increase toxicity
99
Raltegravir MOA
prevent integration into DNA
100
Raltegravir use
HIV and resistant HIV
101
Raltegravir side effects
hepatotoxic, elevation in serum amylase + lipase (pancreatic issues)
102
Raltegravir implications
- take w/wo food - monitor liver + pancreas
103
Acyclovir MOA
inhibit replication by suppressing DNA
104
Acyclovir use
HSV: type 1 (mouth) type 2 (genital) VZV
105
Acyclovir side effects
IV: reversible nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxic PO: GI distress, vertigo, HA Topical: stinging
106
Acyclovir implications
- monitor renal lab levels - no cure, just diminish symptoms and decrease length of illness - use condoms
107
Valacyclovir route
PO only
108
Influenza vaccine side effects
- injection site redness/pain - Fever, malaise, mylagia 1-2 days - LAIV: runny nose, congestion - Risk for Guillain-Barre syndrome
109
Influenza vaccine implications
- protection 1-2 wks post vaccine - Defer if febrile illness - do not give LAIV to immunocomporomised - 6 months + should be vaccinated annually - 6mo-8years should have 2 vaccines, 1 month apart if they have never been vaccinated - precaution: pt. with hypersensitivty/anaphylatic reaction to eggs
110
Influenza medication routes
PO: oseltamivir, amantadine, rimantadine Inhalation: zanamivir
111
Influenza medications use
Oseltamivir+zanamivir: flu A+B, prophylaxis
112
Influenza meds side effects
GI distress, neuropsychiatric effects in young, cough, sore throat
113
Influenza med implications
Start no later than 2 days after symptoms begin

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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