Antibiotics (Info before drugs)

Question 1

What are antibiotics?

Answer 1

Drugs that inhibit the growth of a specific bacteria or cause the death of the susceptible bacteria

Question 2

Invading bacteria cause…

Answer 2

activation of the inflammatory response

Question 3

What is the goal of Abx therapy?

Answer 3

Decrease the population of invading bacteria to a point where the inflammatory response & immune system can effectively deal with the invader

Question 4

Culture & sensitivity testing

Answer 4

Gram positive
Gram negative

Question 5

Aerobic bacteria

Answer 5

needs oxygen to survive

Question 6

Anaerobic bacteria

Answer 6

Does not need oxygen to survive

Question 7

Uses of combination therapy

Answer 7

Synergistic effects
In seriously ill patients
Mixed infections
Decrease drug resistance

Question 8

Children are sensitive to ___ & ____ effects of most Abx

Answer 8

GI & CNS effects

Question 9

What age group may have more severe reactions to Abx?

Answer 9

Children

Question 10

What should be monitored in children taking Abx?

Answer 10

Hydration → become dehydrated very fast
Nutritional status → may have decreased appetite

Question 11

What two types of Abx should be used with caution in children?

Answer 11

Fluoroquinolones & Tetracyclines

Question 12

What age group has the belief that Abx are the “cure-all”

Answer 12

Adults

Question 13

What shoulda adults taking Abx be reminded of?

Answer 13

To take the full course

Question 14

Pregnant & breastfeeding women should NOT take Abx unless

Answer 14

benefits outweigh the risks

Question 15

Abx can also interfere with ____ ____

Answer 15

oral contraceptives

Question 16

What S&S of infection could be seen in older adults?

Answer 16

Confusion & maybe tachycardia
Don’t always see fever → lower baseline

Question 17

What age group is more susceptible to adverse effects?

Answer 17

older adults

Question 18

What should be monitored in older adults taking Abx?

Answer 18

Hydration & nutritional status

Question 19

What is the 6th leading cause of death in the US

Answer 19

Pneumonia

Question 20

Pneumonia has a high ____ & ____ rate

Answer 20

morbidity & mortality rate

Question 21

Risk factors of pneumonia

Answer 21

Older adults
Immunocompromised
COPD
ETOH
LOC
Swallowing disorders
Intubation
Smoking
Malnutrition
Immbolization
Cardiac disease

Question 22

What are the different types of pneumonia

Answer 22

Bacterial, viral, fungal, & chemical

Question 23

Viral pneumonia can lead to

Answer 23

Bacterial pneumonia

Question 24

Clinical manifestations of Pneumonia

Answer 24

May be sudden onset of Sx
Coughing could produce watery sputum
Decreased breath sounds/ air movement & fine crackles
SOB
Increased HR
Fever, chills, fatigue
Neuro changes in older adults
Pleuritic pain; Abd/ back pain

Question 25

As a person with pneumonia becomes sicker what happened to sputum & pleuritic pain?

Answer 25

Sputum thickens & can be bloody or rust colored Pleuritic pain increases w/ breathing

Question 26

Diagnosis of pneumonia

Answer 26

H&P Chest x-ray CBC with differential Metabolic profile (BMP/CMP) Flu swab, if flu season Blood cultures Sputum cultures if needed

Question 27

Treatment of pneumonia

Answer 27

Prevent aspiration Abx therapy Immunizations → Prevnar 12 or Pneumovax (PSV-23)

Question 28

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP)

Answer 28

being sick in community or within 48 hrs of being admitted to the hospital

Question 29

Most common cause of CAP is

Answer 29

Streptococcus pneumonia (Bacterial)

Question 30

Viral infections account for how many cases of CAP?

Answer 30

1/3

Question 31

Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)

Answer 31

Occurring after 48 hrs of admission

Question 32

Most common bacterias causing HAP

Answer 32

Pseudomonas Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella E. coli

Question 33

Is HAP bacterias that cause pneumonia worse or better than strep pnuemoniae?

Answer 33

A lot worse

Question 34

HAP can lead to ____

Answer 34

MRSA

Question 35

Very specific protocols are in place to prevent what type of pneumonia in hospitals?

Answer 35

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)