Antibiotics lecture Flashcards
Prokaryotes
Mycobacteria causes tuberculosis, what antibiotics work against it?
1) isoniazid 2) streptomycin
Prokaryotes
what antibiotics work against gram negative?
1) Polymyxin
2) Streptomycin
3) Erythromycin
4) Tetracycline
5) Sulfonamides (works on eukaryotes protozoa)
6) Isoniazid (slightly gram negative, mostly mycobacteria)
7) pencilin (slightly gram negative, mostly gram positive)
Prokaryotes
what antibiotics work against gram positive?
1) pencilin
2) erythromycin
3) tetracycline
4) sulfonamides
Prokaryotes
what antibiotis work against Chlamydias and rickettsias?
1) Erthromycin
2) Tetramycin
3) Sulfonamides
Eukaryotes ( complex like us)
what antibiotics work on protozoa and Fungi?
Azoles
Eukaryotes
what antibiotics work against Helminths?
1) Niclosamide
2) Praziquantel
what antibiotics are used against viruses? (we have to target our cells)
1) Arildone
2) Ribavirin
3) Acyclovir
Mechanisms of Action
-inhibit/interfere with cell wall synthesis means
stoping cell walls from being made, which will result in no growth.
- B-lactam antibiotics have beta lactam ring that __________________________
- ex: __________________________________________
1) inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis
2) Penicillin derivatives (produced by fungi) , cephalosporin, monobactams, carbapenems
B-lactamase is produced by bacteria and it __________________________
cuts the little beta lactam rings making antibiotics no longer effective
B-lactamase inhibitors inhibits the bacteria that cuts the beta lactam rings
ex. __________________ and ___________________
1) clavulanic acid
2) guacomin
B-lactam ring is the ______________________________
functional portion that messes up the peptidoglycan layer
Antibiotics side effects
1) ______________________
2) ______________________
1) Ciprofloxacin
2) Doxycycline
Examples of glycopeptides antibiotics that ( Inhibit/interfere with Cell Wall Synthesis)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
1) Vanomycin
2) Teicoplanin
3) Oritavancin
4) Telavancin
5) Dalbavancin
Glycopeptides prevents the _________________________ making it ______________.
1) Addition of new peptidoglycan subunits
2) Bacteriastatic
inhibit protein synthesis —> different numbers! (80s Ribosomes)
- ______________ : prevent formation of initiation complex (shuts off protein synthesis at that site.
- _______________ & ______________ ; blocks A (arrival) site (new amino acid can’t be brought in, poly chain cut off)
1) Linezolid
2) Tetrecycline
3) Tigecycline
Aminoglycosides; interfere with proofreading (incorrect amino acids brought in)
(producer of antibiotics) -Streptomyces; _________, _________, _________.
(producer of antibiotics) -Micromonospora; _____________.
1) streptomycin
2) kanamycin
3) neomycin
4) gentamicin
- _________________; block peptidyl transfer step of elongation on 50S subunit in bacteria and mitochondria ——> first _____________________
- Adverse effects (not a “go-to” any more): _______________________________
1) Chloramphenicol
2) LARGE SCALE ANTIBIOTIC
3) aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, leukemia, neurotoxicity
Chloramphenicol is still around because it crosses ____________________________
blood brain barrier; meningitis; tradeoff
aminoglycosides: ___________________________
- macrolides
ex) _______________, _________________.
- lincosamide
ex) __________________
1) inhibit ribosomal translocation
2) azithromycin, erythromycin
3) clindamycin
_______________________ causes premature release of peptide chain.
streptogramins
disrupt unique components of cytoplasmic membrane
- ____________: causes charge to go away; ions aren’t moving in and out so cell can’t function. (binds to membrane casuses it to deplorize)
- ____________: poke holes in membrane (binds to phospholipids distructing cell membrane)
1) Daptomycin
2) Polymyxins
inhibit metabolic pathways
- _____________: get folic acid in our diet (don’t produce); needed for nucleotide production. Sulfonamides & trimethoprim can block pathways!
- _________________ inhibitors
1) Antifolates
2) Purine/Pyrimidine
inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
-_____________: inhibits transcription
-_____________: interfere with DNA coiling
–Nalidixic acid
–Ciprofloxacin
-_____________: test used to identify types of stap
1) Rifampin
2) Quinolones
3) Novobioci
