antibodies

Question 1

antibodies are

Answer 1

immune globulins (make your body stronger)

Question 2

what should you consider in regards to affinity and Ab

Answer 2

Ab affinity for Ag

Question 3

shape and structure of Ab

Answer 3

y shaped protein
-upper tips pf Y are rxn sites with certain Ag

Question 4

5 types of Ab

Answer 4

IgG, IgD, IgA, IgF, IgM

Question 5

which Ab is the main type and where is it found and whats its role

Answer 5

IgG
found in blood and extracellular fluid
controls infection

Question 6

roles and parts of Ab (label Y)

Answer 6

variable region-react with Ag (two tips of Y)
Fc region- constant but mediates downstream effetc of rxn of Fab

Question 7

what can divide IgG molecule

Answer 7

pepsin and papain

Question 8

plasma clearence of IgG

Answer 8

T1/2 is 40 hours
(slow moving so it divides to break down and move to tumor sites)

Question 9

size of IgG

Answer 9

relatively immobile (can travel to sites of tumor) and large

Question 10

what major antibody class is found in normal human serum

Answer 10

IgG

Question 11

what does digestion of antibody with pepsin enzyme result in

Answer 11

a smaller bivalent antibody fragement with a loss of lower end of Fab 2

Question 12

what does digestion of antibody with papain enzyme result in

Answer 12

produces two smaller antibody fragments each having a single variable or antigenic recognition site (Fab)

Question 13

T1/2 of papain digestion

Answer 13

1 hr

Question 14

T1/2 of pepsin digestion

Answer 14

20 hr

Question 15

5 steps of MoAb productiom

Answer 15

1- immunize mouse with an antigen (injecting antigen)
2- remove spleen when mouse begins to produce antibodies
3- fuse Ab producing cells with myeloma cell line (cell line that is not Ab producing)
4- new line reinjected into different mouses peritoneum
5- harvest ascites fluid from mouse to get MoAbs

Question 16

what factors affect MoAb production

Answer 16

-purity of antigen
-mouse strain used
-age and sex of mouse
-tolerance of individual mouse
-use of adjuvant (maximisez animals immune response=incr prod of Ab)

Question 17

what is a HAMA rxn

Answer 17

Human Anti Mouse Antibody
HAMA rxn inactivates mouse antibodies in severe allergic rxns bc the body overrecognizes it as a foreign particle

Question 18

how do we make a HAMA rxn less likely to occur when in lab

Answer 18

humanize mouse MoAb by using chimeric

Question 19

what is chimeric MoAb

Answer 19

regions of human myeloma protien joined to variable regions of mouse Ab

Question 20

why do we inject MoAb slowly and how slow

Answer 20

over 5 min to decr HAMA rxn chance

Question 21

symptoms of HAMA rxn

Answer 21

fever, rash, hypotension, nausea, death (rare)

Question 22

HAMA rxn in depth

Answer 22

1-human immune systems sees mouse Ab as foreign so human makes Ab againts mouse Ab
2-2nd injection given of MoAb and human immune system activates and creates anti mouse (murine) Ab
3-HAMAs remove mouse Ab but this also breaks bond with radionuclide

Question 23

HAMA rxns are ____in first injection and ______in second

Answer 23

created; react

Question 24

what are radioactive labeled MoAbs used for

Answer 24

find specific antigens on tumor cell surface and demonstrate tumor location
-can image and treat with MoAbs

Question 25

In-111 is best used for….

Answer 25

whole Abs

Question 26

Tc-99m is best used for…

Answer 26

Ab fragments

Question 27

what isotopes can be used

Answer 27

In-111, Tc-99m, I-131, I-123

Question 28

how many cases of prostate cx each year, survival rate

Answer 28

180,400
-5 year surv rate-99% confined, 30% in unconfined
-2nd leading cause of death in men
-most noncutaneous type pf cx

Question 29

what tests are used to dx prostate cx

Answer 29

-digital rectal exam (DRE)
-prostate specific antigen (PSA)
-gleason score (GS)
-trans-rectal US (can include bx)

Question 30

prostae cx treatments

Answer 30

-brachytherapy=internal radioactive seeds
-cyroablation=freeze gland/remove tissue
-radiation therapy
-surgery=remove gland
-hormone therapy=remove testosterone/reduce via injection/pill

Question 31

Prstate cx dx tests

Answer 31

bone scan, PET scan, MRI, CT, Prostascint

Question 32

what does prostate gland do and location

Answer 32

chestnut structure about 4 cm across and 3 cm thick that surrounds beginning of urethra, inferior to bladder
-helps control urination and forms part of content of semen

Question 33

what is prostasinct and how does it work

Answer 33

-IgG murine Moab also called Capromab pendetide
-0.5 mg conjugated with In-111 chloride
-increased PSA, directed agaisnt PSMA
-recognizes protein on both prostae and tumor cell
-off market