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Pharm > Anticancer > Flashcards

Anticancer Flashcards

1
Q

log-kill hypothesis

A

cancer drugs kill constant percentage of cells, not a constant number

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2
Q

growth fraction

A

cancer drugs work better on high growth fraction tumors

- also affect high growth fraction normal cells

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3
Q

S phase anti-cancer drugs

A

cytarabine, 6-MP, 6-TG, 5-FU, methotrexate, hydroxyurea, irinotecan, etoposide

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4
Q

G2 phase anti-cancer drugs

A

bleomycin

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5
Q

M phase anti-cancer drugs

A

vinblastine, vincristine, paclitaxel

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6
Q

G0 phase anti-cancer drugs

A

alkylating agents, antitumor Abx, nitrosureas

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7
Q

Cyclophosphamide

  • MOA
  • Use
  • SE
A
  • alkylating agent–>attack guanine 7–>dysfunctional DNA
  • NHL, ovarian, breast, neuroblastoma
  • BMS, hemorrhagic cystitis (mesna is protective)
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8
Q

Cisplatin

  • MOA
  • Use
  • SE
A
  • alkylating agent–>crosslink DNA
  • testicular, ovarian, bladder, lung
  • nephrotoxic (use amifostine) and neurotoxic
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9
Q

procarbazine

  • MOA
  • Use
  • SE
A
  • alkylating agent
  • Hodgkin
  • BMS, leukemogenic
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10
Q

Doxorubicin

  • MOA
  • Use
  • SE
A
  • intercalator–>forms free rad–>inhib topoisom
  • Hodgkin, breast, lung, ovarian
  • BMS, delayed CHF (use dexrazoxane)
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11
Q

methotrexate

  • MOA
  • Use
  • SE
A
  • antimetabolite (inhib S phase)
  • leukemia, lymphoma, breast, RA, psoriasis
  • BMS, leucovorin
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12
Q

5-FU and Capecitabine

  • MOA
  • Use
  • SE
A
  • pyrimidine anti-metabolite
  • breast, ovarian, head and neck, basal cell, colorectal
  • BMS
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13
Q

6-MU

  • MOA
  • Use
  • SE
A
  • purine antimetabolite
  • ALL, immsupp
  • BMS
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14
Q

bleomycin

  • MOA
  • Use
  • SE
A
  • complex with O2–>DNA strand scission
  • Hodgkin, testicular, head and neck, skin
  • pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis
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15
Q

vinblastine and vincristine

  • MOA
  • Use
  • SE
A
  • MT polymerization inhibitors (M phase)
  • Hodgkin, testicular, Kaposi
  • Hodgkin, leukemia, Wilms
  • BMS, neurotoxic
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16
Q

ATRA (all-trans retinoic acid

  • MOA
  • Use
  • SE
A
  • differentiating agent–>promotes differentiation of promyelocytes
  • AML, M3
  • differentiation syndrome with resp distress, pleural and pericardial effusion, CNS symptoms
17
Q

Anticancer toxicity

  • renal
  • pulmonary
  • cardiac
  • neurologic
  • immunosuppressive
  • other (hemorrhagic cystitis, leukemia, pancreatitis)
A
  • cisplatin, methotrexate
  • bleomycin, busulfan, procarbazine
  • doxorubicin, daunorubicin
  • vincristine, cisplatin
  • cyclophosphamide, metotrexate
  • cyclophosphamide; procarbazine; asparaginase
18
Q

Cytokines in anti-cancer treatment

A

help counter SE

19
Q

IL-2 (aldesleukin)

A

increased lymphocyte differentiation and NK

- use in RCC and metastatic melanoma

20
Q

IL-11

A

increased platelet formation

- used in thrombocytopenia

21
Q

G-CSF (filgrastim)

A

increased granulocytes

- use in marrow recovery

22
Q

GM-CSF (sargramostim)

A

increase granulocytes and macs

- use in marrow recovery

23
Q

EPO

A

use in anemias, esp with renal failure

24
Q

thrombopoietin

A

use in thrombocytopenia

25
Q

resistance to anti-cancer drugs

A 
change in sensitivity or binding
decreased drug accum (transporters or permeability)
drug inactivating enzymes
reactive chemicals trap the drug
increased NA repair
reduce prodrug activation
26
Q
  • change in sensitivity or binding
  • decreased drug accum (transporters or permeability)
  • drug inactivating enzymes
  • reactive chemicals trap the drug
  • increased NA repair
  • reduce prodrug activation
A
  • etoposide, methotrexate, vinca alkaloids, estrogen, androgen
  • methotrexate, alkylating agents, dactinomycin
  • purine and pyrimidine antimetabolites
  • alkylators, bleomycin, cisplatin, doxorubicin
  • alkylating agents, cisplatin
  • purine and pyrimidine anti-metabolites

Pharm (11 decks)

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