anticoags

Question 1

what factors does warfarin inhibit

Answer 1

2,7,,9,10

Question 2

action of warfarin

Answer 2

blocks an enzyme so stops vitamin k from getting recycled and so factors 2,7,9,10 dont get activated

Question 3

effect of inhibitng fator 7

Answer 3

extrinsic pathway wont function

Question 4

why might intrinsicpathway not function

Answer 4

due to no activated factor 9

Question 5

effect of no factor 2

Answer 5

common pathway wont function

Question 6

what factor is affected first with warfarin

Answer 6

7 as it has a short half life

Question 7

what is wararin contraindictaed in

Answer 7

pregnancy

Question 8

how is the efficacy of warfarin monitored

Answer 8

pr time

Question 9

target PT for warfarin

Answer 9

2-3

Question 10

what drugs might interact with warfarin causing it to accumulate

Answer 10

trimethoprim
omeprazole
metronidazole
amiodarone

Question 11

how is warfarin taken

Answer 11

orally q

Question 12

side effect of warfarin

Answer 12

uncontrollable bleeding in gi tract

Question 13

what might lower the INR with warfarin

Answer 13

phenytoin and carbamezapine as they increase the enzyme whcih breaks it down

Question 14

what to use if warfarin has caused acute bleeding

Answer 14

fresh frozen plasma

Question 15

action of heparin

Answer 15

indirectly inhibits thrombin and factor 10a by binding to antithrombin 3

Question 16

main target of antithrombin 3

Answer 16

thrombin

Question 17

active factor 2

Answer 17

thrmbin
factor 2a

Question 18

what converts prothrombin to thrombin

Answer 18

active factor 10

Question 19

what does antithrombin inhibit

Answer 19

factors 7,9,11,12

Question 20

unfractioned heparin

Answer 20

inhibits factor xa and thrombi

Question 21

fractioned heparin

Answer 21

inibits xa

Question 22

is LMWH fracioned

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

assoc of lmwh

Answer 23

low half life

Question 24

what is similar to lmwh

Answer 24

fondaprinaux

Question 25

when is heparin used

Answer 25

in acute settings, acute dot, post op preventiotn for dvvt and pe

Question 26

side effects of heparin

Answer 26

osteoporosis

Question 27

preferred anticoag for chronic

Answer 27

warfarin/ DOAC

Question 28

heparin and pregnancy

Answer 28

doesnt cross placenta so safe

Question 29

what does heparin inhibt

Answer 29

common and intrinsic pathway

Question 30

what interacts with heparin making it less efficient

Answer 30

tetracyclines antihistamines nicotine

Question 31

adp receptor inhibitor

Answer 31

clopidogrel; antiplatelet

Question 32

what is clopidogrel used with in ACS

Answer 32

aspirin

Question 33

direct facot Xa inhibitord

Answer 33

apixaban edoxaban rivaroxaban

Question 34

how are factor xa inhitor taken

Answer 34

orally

Question 35

what are factor xa inibotors used for

Answer 35

prevetion od dvt, pe, afib

Question 36

are factor xa inhibs rapid onset

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

what are direct thrombin inhibtors used in conjunction with

Answer 37

antiplatelet like aspirin/ clopidogrel

Question 38

example of direct thrombin inhibotor

Answer 38

dabigatran

Question 39

why might bleeding occur when taking factor xa inhibs

Answer 39

its metabolysed by cytohcrome p450 and so drugs like metornidazole, trimethoprim, amiodaorne inhibit this enzyme

Question 40

what might antiplatelets cause

Answer 40

gastric ulcers and bleeding

Question 41

function of antiplatelets

Answer 41

orimary haemostasis inhibitors

Question 42

action of antiplatelets

Answer 42

blocks syntheisis of thromboxane a2 which activates platelets

Question 43

what do antiplatelets inhibit

Answer 43

indiredctly inhibit cox 1 and 2 by acetylation

Question 44

action of thrombolytics

Answer 44

bind to plasminogen to form plasmin and degrading ibrin clot

Question 45

what is used to convert plasminogen to plasmin

Answer 45

TPA

Question 46

Thrombolytic drig

Answer 46

alteplase iV

Question 48

action of alteplase

Answer 48

binds to fibrinproteins on clot then binds to plasminogen

Question 49

when is thrombolytics prescirbwd

Answer 49

short term acutely

Question 50

when must thrombolysis be given

Answer 50

within 12hrs of symptom onset

Question 51

when is thrombyolyics contraindicated

Answer 51

in major bleeding, acute bleeding. trauma, pre surgery