Antifungals

Question 1

Antifungal drugs target:

a. Ergosterol synthesis
b. Cell wall synthesis
c. Cell division
d. Nucleic acid synthesis
e. All of the above

Answer 1

e. All of the above

Question 2

T/F Ergosterol is a vital part of the cell membranes of fungi but not found in the cell membranes of humans

Answer 2

T

Question 3

Drugs targeting Ergosterol include:

a. Polyenes
b. Azoles
c. Allylamines
d. All of the above

Answer 3

d. All of the above

Question 4

Amphotericin B is the drug of choice for most systemic fungal infections because it:

a. Binds ergosterol
b. inhibits B-1,3 glucan synthesis
c. inhibits fungal protein synthesis
d. all of the above

Answer 4

a. Binds ergosterol

Polyene

Question 5

Nyastatin is used to treat oral & esophageal infections along with vaginal candidiasis because it:

a. Binds ergosterol
b. inhibits B-1,3 glucan synthesis
c. inhibits fungal protein synthesis
d. all of the above

Answer 5

a. Binds ergosterol

Polyene

Question 6

Amphotericin B is known to have which of these adverse side effects?

a. Renal toxicity
b. chills & fever
c. phlebitis (inflammation of vein)
d. all of the above

Answer 6

d. all of the above

Question 7

Azoles are:

a. chemically synthesized drugs that inhibit cytochrom P450 14a-demtheylase
b. inhibits B-1,3 glucan synthesis
c. inhibits fungal protein synthesis
d. all of the above

Answer 7

a. chemically synthesized drugs that inhibit cytochrom P450 14a-demtheylase

ergesterol

Question 8

Ketoconazol is used for:

a. chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
b. Karenia brevis
c. your mom
d. all of the above

Answer 8

a. chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Imidazole
ergesterol

Question 9

Miconazole and Clotrimazole are used to treat:

a. cutaneous candidiasis
b. tinea versicolar
c. dermatophytosis
d. all of the above

Answer 9

d. all of the above

Imidazole
ergesterol

Question 10

Fluconazole is used to treat:

a. cutaneous candidiasis
b. vaginal candidiasis
c. cryptomeningitis
d. all of the above

Answer 10

d. all of the above

Triazole
ergesterol

Question 11

Itraconazole is used to treat:

a. chromoblastomycosis
b. histoplasmosis
c. coccidiomycosis
d. all of the above

Answer 11

d. all of the above

Triazole
ergesterol

Question 12

Posaconazole is used to treat:

a. candida
b. aspergillus
c. none of the above
d. both a & b

Answer 12

d. both a & b

Triazole
ergesterol

Question 13

Naftifine is an_____ and is used to treat_____

a. allyamine; dermatophyte infections
b. azole; dermatophyte infections
c. polyene; dermatophyte infections
d. none of the above

Answer 13

a. allyamine; dermatophyte infections

Question 14

terbinafine is an_____ and is used to treat_____

a. allyamine; dermatophyte infections
b. azole; dermatophyte infections
c. polyene; dermatophyte infections
d. none of the above

Answer 14

a. allyamine; dermatophyte infections

Question 15

Caspofungin, an Echinocandin is used to treat Candida & Aspergillus because it:

a. chemically synthesizes drugs that inhibit cytochrom P450 14a-demtheylase
b. inhibits B-1,3 glucan synthesis
c. inhibits fungal protein synthesis
d. all of the above

Answer 15

b. inhibits B-1,3 glucan synthesis

Question 16

Griseofulvin (oral) targets____ and is active against____.

a. cell division; ringworm of skin, nails, or hair
b. ergesterol; ringworm of skin, nails, or hair
c. nucleic acid synthesis; ringworm of skin, nails, or hair
d. none of the above

Answer 16

a. cell division; ringworm of skin, nails, or hair

Question 17

Flucytosine is effective against candidiasis & cryptococcosis (used syn w/amphotericin B) because it:

a. chemically synthesizes drugs that inhibit cytochrom P450 14a-demtheylase
b. inhibits B-1,3 glucan synthesis
c. inhibits fungal protein synthesis
d. all of the above

Answer 17

c. inhibits fungal protein synthesis

replaces uracil w/ 5-flurouracil in fungal RNA

Question 18

Metronidazole is activated by anaerobic metabolism, interferes with electron transport & alters DNA. It is used to treat:

a. Entamoeba histolytica
b.Giardia lambia
c. Trichomonas vaginalis
d. all of the above

Answer 18

d. all of the above

Question 19

Chloroquine prevents crystallization of heme in RBC; thus, it is active against:

a. Plasmodium vivax
b. Plasmodium ovale
c. Plasmodium malariae
d. Plasmodium falciparum
e. all of the above

Answer 19

e. all of the above

Erythrocytic cycle (acute malaria)

Question 20

Amodiaquine is active against

a. Plasmodium vivax
b. Plasmodium ovale
c. Plasmodium malariae
d. Plasmodium falciparum
e. all of the above

Answer 20

e. all of the above

except chloroquine-resistant P.falciparum
Erythrocytic cycle (acute malaria)

Question 21

T/F Mefloquine is the most effective erythrocytic cycle anti-malarial drug and is effective as prophylaxis.

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Primaquine-Sulfadoxine is used to treat:

a. chloroquine-resistant P.falciparum
b. Plasmodium vivax
c. Plasmodium ovale
d. all of the above

Answer 22

d. all of the above

Exo-erythrocytic cycle (persistent malaria)

Question 23

T/F Artimisinin generates free radicals w/in parasite that damage membrane

Answer 23

T

Question 24

Suramin and Melarsoprol can be used to treat:

a. Trypanosomia cruzi
b. Trypanosomia brucei
c. Exophiala werneckii
d. all of the above

Answer 24

b. Trypanosomia brucei

Question 25

Nifurtimox and Benzonidaxole canbe used to treat: a. Trypanosomia cruzi b. Trypanosomia brucei c. Exophiala werneckii d. all of the above

Answer 25

a. Trypanosomia cruzi

Question 26

Mebendazole, thiabendazole, albendazole, Pyrantel pamoate, Piperazine are used to paralyze: a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Necator americanus c. Enterobius vermicularis d. Trichuric trichiura e. Strongyloides stercoralis f. all of the above

Answer 26

f. all of the above

Question 27

T/F Algae do not directly infect humans

Answer 27

T

Question 28

chlorophytes are: a. green algae b. red algae c. golden brown algae & diatomes d. brown algae

Answer 28

a. green algae

Question 29

Rhodophyta are: a. green algae b. red algae c. golden brown algae & diatomes d. brown algae

Answer 29

b. red algae

Question 30

Chrysophyta are: a. green algae b. red algae c. golden brown algae & diatomes d. brown algae

Answer 30

c. golden brown algae & diatomes

Question 31

Phaeophyta are: a. green algae b. red algae c. golden brown algae & diatomes d. brown algae

Answer 31

d. brown algae

Question 32

Microscopic algae are propelled by: a. cilia b. flagella c. free-floating d. pseudopods e. all of the above f. only b & c

Answer 32

f. only b & c

Question 33

Macroscopic algae have which of these specialized structures: a. blades b. bladders c. stipe d. holdfast e. all of the above f. only a & b

Answer 33

e. all of the above

Question 34

Algae's cell wall is mostly composed of cellulose and contains carrageen & agar. Their cell structures include: a. nucleus b. chloroplasts c. mitochondria d. all of the above e. only a & b

Answer 34

d. all of the above

Question 35

Algae asexually reproduce by: a. binary fission b. fragmentation c. meiosis d. only a & b

Answer 35

d. only a & b

Question 36

Karenia brevis is responsible for: a. algal blooms in Texas coast from Aug-Feb; and produces brevetoxin b. algal blooms in East coast; and produces brevetoxin c. algal blooms in Texas coast from Aug-Feb; and produces saxitoxin, gonyautoxins; "paralytic shellfish poisoning" d. algal blooms in East coast; and produces saxitoxin, gonyautoxins; "paralytic shellfish poisoning"

Answer 36

a. algal blooms in Texas coast from Aug-Feb; and produces brevetoxin

Question 37

Gonyaulax species, specifically Alexandrium fundynese is responsible for: a. algal blooms in Texas coast from Aug-Feb; and produces brevetoxin b. algal blooms in East coast; and produces brevetoxin c. algal blooms in Texas coast from Aug-Feb; and produces saxitoxin, gonyautoxins; "paralytic shellfish poisoning" d. algal blooms in East coast; and produces saxitoxin, gonyautoxins; "paralytic shellfish poisoning"

Answer 37

d. algal blooms in East coast; and produces saxitoxin, gonyautoxins; "paralytic shellfish poisoning"

Question 38

Dimorphic fungi can exist as either: a. Bacillus or coccus b. Yeast or mold c. Enveloped or naked d. Gram positive or negative

Answer 38

b. Yeast or mold