antigen + antibody

Question 1

What is an antigen?

Answer 1

protein that reacts with the products of the immune system

Question 2

What is an Immunogen?

Answer 2

anything that induces a specific immune response

Question 3

What is an Hapten?

Answer 3

a non-immunogenic molecule that reacts with the products of the immune system

Question 4

What is an Epitope/antigenic determinant?

Answer 4

portion of the immunogen to which the immune response is directed

Question 5

How does binding happen at epitope?

Answer 5

lock and key

Question 6

How does foreignness effect immunogenicity?

Answer 6

The more foreign the component the more immunogenic it is

Question 7

How does size effect immunogenicity?

Answer 7

The bigger the more immunogenic

Question 8

How does chemcial composition effect immunogenicity?

Answer 8

The more complex the better immunogen

Question 9

How does degradability effect immunogenicity?

Answer 9

< immunogenic

Question 10

How does denaturing effect immunogenicity?

Answer 10

The more degradable the better immunogen

Question 11

If an immunogen is a protein does it make it a good immunogen?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

If an immunogen is a lipid does it make it a good immunogen?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

If an immunogen is a lipopolysaccharide/ polysaccharide does it make it a good immunogen?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

Which antigen- T independent/ t dependent is: resistant to degradation?

Answer 14

t independent

Question 15

Which antigen- T independent/ t dependent: requires T cell to activate B cell?

Answer 15

t dependent

T independent activates it on its own

Question 16

What are t independent and t dependent made of?

Answer 16

T independent: polysaccharide

T dependent: proteins

Question 17

Does the T independent have memory?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

Which antigen- T independent/ t dependent has: SAME / DIFFERENT antigenic determinants among surface?

Answer 18

T independent: same

T dependent: different

Question 19

Is hapten carrier conjugate immunogenic?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

How is hapten carrier conjugate formed?

Answer 20

Covalent bond between hapten and carrier protein

Question 21

Clinically what is hapten carrier conjugate used for?

Answer 21

vaccination

Question 22

What is an example of hapten carrier conjugate?

Answer 22

urushiol (found in poison ivy) –> become quinone (hapten) and bind to skin proteins (carrier) –> Type IV hypersensitivity reaction

Question 23

What does a super antigen activate?

Answer 23

T cells –> hyper-activate immune system

Question 24

Does a super antigen need to be degraded?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

What is the chemical nature of immunoglobulins?

Answer 25

Glycoproteins

Question 26

What is the makes immunoglobulins?

Answer 26

plasma cells

Question 27

What is the function of immunoglobulins?

Answer 27

Function as antibodies --> bind antigen (stop spread) + activate cells

Question 28

What are the chains bonding of immunoglobulin?

Answer 28

disulfide bond

Question 29

What heavy chain type do these immunoglobulins have:IgD, IgA, IgM, IgG?

Answer 29

IgD: delta IgA: alpha IgM: mui IgG: gamma

Question 30

What are the two light chains?

Answer 30

kappa + lambda

Question 31

IgG: shape, function?, complement fixing?, opsonin? can it bind to cell? + whats good about it?

Answer 31

shape: monomer function: all function + cross placenta complement fixing! opsonin: yes Can bind to cell FC Whats good about it: all functions done

Question 32

IgG: which IgG is not good at crossing placenta and which is not complement fixing and which cant bind to cell?

Answer 32

Cant cross placenta: IgG2 not complement fixing: IgG4 Cant bind to cell: IgG2 + IgG4

Question 33

IgM: shape? valence? role? when is it first made? complement fixing? good at agglutinating? can it bind to cell?

Answer 33

shape: pentamer valence: 10 role: Ag on B cell when is it first made: fetus complement fixing: yes good at agglutinating: yes can it bind to cell: via FC

Question 34

What does it mean if IgM is > than 20 ng/dL?

Answer 34

in-utero infection

Question 35

What is needed to form pentamer in IgM?

Answer 35

J-chain

Question 36

IgA: shape? valence? role? made by? complement fixing? found in?

Answer 36

shape: dimer valence: 4 role: secretion- mucosal immunity made by: epithelial complement fixing: no found in: breast milk

Question 37

What is needed to form dimer in IgA?

Answer 37

J-chain

Question 38

IgE: shape? do we have a lot? role? binds to? complement fixing?

Answer 38

shape: monomer do we have a lot: no role: parasitic + hypersensitive reaction bind to: mast cell + eosinphil --> degranulate + activate complement fixing: no

Question 39

IgD: shape? What makes it LOOK special? do we have a lot? binds to? complement fixing?

Answer 39

``` shape: monomer What makes it look special: has extra tail piece do we have a lot: no bind to: B cell surface complement fixing: no ```