Antigen Processing/Presentation

Question 1

pattern recognition receptors

Answer 1

mannose receptors
scavenger receptors
toll-like receptors

Question 2

the process of taking up a microbe, processing the antigens and presenting it to a naive T cell

Answer 2

antigen processing and presentation

Question 3

primary antigen-presenting cells (professional APC)

Answer 3

dendritic cells

Question 4

dendritic cells are ____ cells and are the link between ___ and ____ immunity

Answer 4

phagocytic; innate; adaptive

Question 5

dendritic cells typically express ____ molecules and present antigen peptides within ____ on surface

Answer 5

MHC II; MHC II

Question 6

monocytes in blood become ____ in tissue; they are ____ cells extremely important for the clearance of _____

Answer 6

macrophages; phagocytic; dead cells and debris

Question 7

moncytes/macrophages are extremely important for ____

Answer 7

antigen presentation

Question 8

B cells are ___, part of ____ immunity; they can activate ____(more common in secondary or memory immune responses)

Answer 8

lymphocytes; adaptive

T cells

Question 9

antigen presentation is a way to concentrate the antigen in areas most likely to come into contact with ____ and ____

Answer 9

T cells; B cells

Question 10

steps to antigen presentation

Answer 10

1. microbe infects host
2. microbe is taken up by APC at site of infection
3. APC enters lymph circulation and into LN
4. Naive T and B cells enter LN from circulation

Question 11

antigen presenting cells are not limited to ____, ____, and ____; all nucleated cells can present endogenous antigens in association with ____ molecules

Answer 11

dendritic cells; macrophages; B cells

MHC I

Question 12

the original function of the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) was linked only to ____

Answer 12

graft rejection

Question 13

MHC was later found to be of critical importance to all ____ involving _____

Answer 13

immune responses; protein antigens

Question 14

MHCI is found on all ____ cells; ____ protein can bind to MHCI ; MHCI is recognized by ____

Answer 14

found on all nucleated cells
cytoplasmic (intracellular)
CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic T cells)

Question 15

MHC II is found on ____; ____ proteins bind to MHC II; MHC II is recognized by ____

Answer 15

antigen presenting cells
extracellular
CD4+ T cells (helper T cells)

Question 16

the process by which antigens are digested and placed on the cell surface with the correct MHC molecule

Answer 16

antigen processing

Question 17

2 pathways of antigen processing

Answer 17

1. extracellular proteins that are internalized by professional APCs into vesicles are processed and displayed by class II MHC molecules
2. proteins in the cytosol of nucleated cells are processed and displayed by class I MHC molecules

Question 18

degradation of cytoplasmic proteins

Answer 18

cytoplasmic proteins (intracellular) > proteasome > peptides > exopeptidase > amino acids

Question 19

degradation of endocytic proteins (extracellular)

Answer 19

endocytic proteins > lysosome > peptides > exopeptidase > amino acids

Question 20

MHC II is synthesized in the ____, packaged into a vesicle in the ____, and then transported to the ____ and fuses with it

Answer 20

ER; golgi; phagolysosome

Question 21

processed peptide binds to the ____ of MHC II

Answer 21

binding groove

Question 22

often cytosolic proteins are ____ proteins; during ___ and ____ there are these proteins in the cytoplasm

Answer 22

viral; entry/uncoating; reassembly

Question 23

proteins in the cytoplasm that are not used by the cell get tagged for ____; ____ binds to the proteins which targets them to the ____ to be cleaved into smaller peptides

Answer 23

degradation; Ubiquitin; proteasome

Question 24

Peptides are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum through the _____

Answer 24

TAP transporters (transporter associated with antigen processing)

Question 25

Peptide that is transferred into the ER by TAP is trimmed to the correct size by an_____ called ____. The correct size peptide can then bind to the binding groove of _____

Answer 25

aminopeptidase; ERAP; MHCI

Question 26

The antigen bound to MHCI can be a ____ or it can be a ____ peptide (i.e., from a protein from the host cell). This is one way in which the immune system is supposed to recognize self vs. non-self

Answer 26

foreign protein/peptide; self

Question 27

antigen presentation is central to the development of the ____

Answer 27

immune response

Question 28

Antigen presentation bridges ____ by innate immune system to the _____ of the adaptive immune system

Answer 28

antigen recognition; activation

Question 29

antigen presentation is necessary for _____ and augments ____

Answer 29

T-cell mediated killing; antibody production by B cells

Question 30

antigen processing and presentation is essential but not sufficient for...?

Answer 30

activation of naive T cells

Question 31

CD8+ T cells are ___ restricted and recognize ____

Answer 31

MHC I; cytosolic proteins

Question 32

CD4+ T cells are ____ restricted and recognize ____

Answer 32

MHC II; extracellular and intravesicular pathogens

Question 33

The ____ recognizes antigen, but it does not signal

Answer 33

T cell receptor (TCR)

Question 34

____ and ____ are non-covalently associated to the TCR

Answer 34

CD3; zeta

Question 35

expression of the ___, ___, and ____ chain are required for antigen recognition and signaling

Answer 35

TCR; CD3; zeta

Question 36

___ recognizes antigen, while ___ and ____ signal

Answer 36

TCR; CD3 and zeta

Question 37

recognition of antigen and MHC molecule in the absence of co-stimulation fails to activate the T cell and leads to...?

Answer 37

anergy of the T cell

Question 38

at the termination of the immune response, ___ replaces ____ and downregulates T cell function

Answer 38

CTLA-4; CD28

Question 39

____ play a role in activating T cells AND terminating the T cell response

Answer 39

B7 molecules

Question 40

before T cell activation ____ on T cell recognizes ___ on antigen presenting cell

Answer 40

CD28; B7 receptor

Question 41

at termination of immune response, ____ on T cell interacts with ____ on APC to downregulate T cell function

Answer 41

CTLA-4; B7 receptor

Question 42

____ can competitively inhibit CD28 binding to B7

Answer 42

CTLA-4

Question 43

CTLA-4, when bound to B7, will actively block signals from the ____ and from ____

Answer 43

TCR; CD28