Antihypertensive Drugs

Question 1

amount of blood pump by the heart for one full minute

Answer 1

cardiac output

Question 2

cardiac output formula

Answer 2

heart rate x stroke volume

Question 3

the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle with each heartbeat

Answer 3

stroke volume

Question 4

normal stroke volume

Answer 4

70 ml per min

Question 5

ability of the arteries to contstrict and dilate

Answer 5

total peripheral resistance

Question 6

phaeochromocytoma only respond to one drug and that is?

Answer 6

regitine

Question 7

Types of Hypertension

*Ninety percent of these cases have no
known cause
* There is elevated total peripheral resistance
* The organs are perfused effectively and
people with essential hypertension usually
exhibit no symptoms (“Silent Killer”)

Answer 7

Essential Hypertension (Primary
Hypertension)

Question 8

Types of Hypertension

characterized by elevated blood
pressure due to a known cause

Answer 8

Secondary Hypertension

Question 8

are antihypertensive agents that act
in the lungs to prevent the
conversion of angiotensin I into
angiotensin II, which is a potent
vasoconstrictor

Answer 8

Angiotensin-converting
enzymes inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)

Question 9

if you are losing sodium, what does your body retain?

Answer 9

potassium

Question 10

side effect of ACE inhibitor

Answer 10

hyperkalemia

Question 11

suffix of ACE inhibitor

Answer 11

PRIL

Question 12

hypertensive drug that can be used as diabetic nephropathy

Answer 12

ACE Inhibitor

Question 13

the only ACE inhibitor associated with sometimes-fatal pancytopenia, cough, and GI distress.

Answer 13

captopril

Question 13

type of hypertensive drugs

blocking vasoconstriction and release of
aldosterone through selective
blocking of angiotensin II receptors
in vascular smooth muscles and
adrenal cortex.

Answer 13

Angiotensin II-Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Question 13

is ACE inhibitors allowed to pregnant women?

Answer 13

NO

Question 14

ARBs suffix

Answer 14

sartan

Question 14

if th patient with heart failure does not respond to ACE, what hypertensive drug type can she use?

Answer 14

ARBs

Question 15

both of this type of drug can slow down process of renal diabetes

Answer 15

ARBs and ACE

Question 16

best nursing consideration for ARBs?

Answer 16

Administer drug with food to prevent GI distress

Question 17

type of hypertensive drug

directly inhibits renin and
inhibiting the conversion of angiotensinogen
to angiotensin I

Answer 17

Renin Inhibitors

Question 18

Sodium influx will most likely cause?

Answer 18

muscle contraction

Question 18

type of hypertensive drug

• inhibit the movement of calcium ions across
  myocardial and arterial muscle cell membranes.

*As a result, action potential of these cells are
altered and cell contractions are blocked.

*Resultant effects include: depressed myocardial contractility, slow cardiac impulse in conductive tissues, and arterial dilation and relaxation.

Answer 18

Calcium-Channel Blockers

Question 18

Sodium outflux will most likely cause?

Answer 18

relaxation

Question 19

Since these drugs can significantly decrease cardiac workload, they are effective in treatment of angina.

Answer 19

Calcium-Channel Blockers

Question 19

safe for children, the drug group that is first considered in cases of hypertension

Answer 19

calcium-channel blockers

Question 19

Calcium-Channel Blockers suffix

Answer 19

dipine

Question 20

type of hypertensive drug - exert their effect by acting directly on smooth muscles. -consequently, there will be muscle relaxation and vasodilation. Both of these will cause drop in blood pressure. RESERVE FOR SEVERE HYPERTENSIVE

Answer 20

VASODILATORS

Question 20

sample of VASODILATORS

Answer 20

hydralazine (oral, IV, Im) minoxidil (oral) nitropruisside (IV)

Question 20

drug used in maintaining controlled hypotension during surgery.

Answer 20

Nitroprusside (vasodilator)

Question 20

too much Nitroprusside can cause?

Answer 20

cyanide toxicity and hypothyroidism.

Question 21

type of hypertensive drugs - drugs that increase the excretion of sodium and water from the kidney -often the first agents tried in mild hypertension (i.e. Thiazide & Loop) -also use to manage edema (excessive accumulation of fluids) and glaucoma (an eye disease that is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP)

Answer 21

Diuretic Agents

Question 21

It causes active pumping out of chloride from the cells lining the ascending limb of Loop of Henle and distal tubule by blocking the chloride pump. Since sodium passively moves with chloride to maintain electrical neutrality, both sodium and chloride are excreted in the urine

Answer 21

Thiazide Diuretics

Question 22

adverse effect of thiazide that affects women

Answer 22

slightly-alkalinized urine (can lead to bladder infections)

Question 23

*Referred to as high-ceiling diuretics because they are capable of causing greater degree of diuresis *Blocks the action of chloride pump in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, where 30% of sodium is normally reabsorbed. * Exerts the same effect on the descending limb of loop of Henle and distal tubule causing sodium-rich urine.

Answer 23

Loop Diuretics

Question 23

example of lood dieuretics

Answer 23

furosemide torsemide

Question 23

indication of loop fieuretics

Answer 23

acute HF, acute pulmonary edema

Question 24

Drug of choice when rapid and extensive diuresis is needed. It can produce a fluid loss up to 20 pounds per day.

Answer 24

loop dieuretics

Question 24

adverse effects of loop dieureics

Answer 24

CNS: dizziness; CV: hypotension, GI:GI upset GU: hypokalemia (can precipitate hyperglycemia), increased bicarbonate excretion, hypocalcemia and tetany EENT: ototoxicity, reversible loss of hearing

Question 25

normal potassium value

Answer 25

3.5 - 5.0

Question 26

type of dieuretics *Relatively mild diuretics which affects the proximal convoluted tubule * Inhibits the action of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, the catalyst for the formation of sodium bicarbonate stored as alkaline reserve in the renal tubules and is important for the excretion of hydrogen. * It slows down the movement of hydrogen ions which leads to greater amount of sodium and bicarbonate lost in the urine

Answer 26

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Diuretics

Question 27

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Diuretics suffix

Answer 27

mide

Question 27

* often used for the treatment of glaucoma. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase results in decreased secretion of aqueous humor of the eyes. * Also used as adjunct to other diuretics when more intense diuresis is needed.

Answer 27

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Diuretics

Question 28

* Less powerful than loop diuretics but they retain potassium instead of wasting it. * used for patients who have high risk for hypokalemia associated with diuretic use.

Answer 28

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Question 29

what drug combination can be used to lessen the effect of potassium sparing dieuretics

Answer 29

furozemide

Question 30

known potassium sparing dieuretics

Answer 30

Spironolactone

Question 31

* used as adjuncts with thiazide or loop diuretics or in patients who are especially at risk if hypokalemia develops.

Answer 31

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Question 32

* Only one osmotic diuretic is currently available,

Answer 32

mannitol (Osmitrol).

Question 32

type of dieuretics exerts their therapeutic effect by pulling water into the renal tubule without loss of sodium.

Answer 32

Osmotic Diuretics

Question 33

used to decrease IOP before eye surgery or during acute attacks of glaucoma * Diuretic of choice in cases of increased cranial pressure (e.g. Stroke) or acute renal failure

Answer 33

osmotic diuretic

Question 34

where does alpha 1 can be located

Answer 34

blood vessels

Question 35

what does alpha 1 do

Answer 35

vasoconstriclation

Question 36

where does alpha 2 can be located

Answer 36

pre synapses

Question 37

beta 1 is a ___ receptor

Answer 37

heart

Question 38

what happens if you stimulate beta 1

Answer 38

increae heart rate

Question 39

beta 2 can be found in?

Answer 39

lungs

Question 40

blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart thereby causing decrease in cardiac output resulting to decrease in blood pressure

Answer 40

Selective Beta-blockers

Question 41

blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart (decrease in cardiac output) and the RAA system

Answer 41

Non-Selective Beta-blockers

Question 42

beta 1 blocker suffix

Answer 42

lol

Question 43

what does aplha 1 blocker do

Answer 43

vasodilation

Question 43

used to diagnose and manage episodes of pheochromocytoma, but they have limited usefulness in essential hypertension

Answer 43

Alpha- Blockers (Alpha 1 and 2 Adrenergic Blockers)

Question 44

suffix of alpha 1 blocker

Answer 44

osin

Question 45

the drug of choice for pheochromocytoma

Answer 45

Regitine

Question 45

stimulate the alpha2- receptors in the CNS and inhibit the cardiovascular centers, leading to a decrease in sympathetic outflow from the CNS and (NOREPHINEPRINE) a resultant drop in blood pressure

Answer 45

Centrally Acting Adrenergic Drugs (i.e. Alpha2-agonists)

Question 46

anti hypertensive drug available for pregnant women

Answer 46

methyldopa