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Antihypertensives Flashcards

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1
Q

What is included in the no-drug alternative to antihypertensives?

A

Na restriction, weight loss, no caffeine, smoking, stress

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2
Q

What is the MOA of HCTZ?

A

Decrease blood volume and PR; vasodilation due to less Na/Ca

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3
Q

When would you use HCTZ?

A

Hypertension

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4
Q

What are the side effects of HCTZ?

A

The H’s

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5
Q

What is the MOA of beta blockers?

A

Decrease CO, renin via B1

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6
Q

When would you use beta blockers?

A

Hypertension; reduces LVH; better in younger patients

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7
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A

Cardiac depression, broncoconstriction, CNS depression, increased CNS outflow

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Labetalol?

A

Block Alpha-1 and NS beta, decreasing PR and CO

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9
Q

When would you use Labetalol?

A

Hypertensive emergencies and pheochromocytoma

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10
Q

What are the side effects of Labetalol?

A

Negative effects when alpha and beta blockade combined

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Carvedilol?

A

Block Alpha-1 and NS beta, decreasing PR and CO

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12
Q

When would you use Carvedilol?

A

Hypertensive emergencies and pheochromocytoma

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13
Q

What are the side effects of Carvedilol?

A

Negative effects when alpha and beta blockade combined

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14
Q

What is the MOA of Prazosin?

A

Blocks Alpha-1, decreasing PR, preload, afterload

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15
Q

When would you use Prazosin?

A

CHF, Hypertension

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16
Q

What are the side effects of Prazosin?

A

Postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia/increased CNS outflow, impotence

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17
Q

What is the MOA of Clonidine?

A

Decrease NE release, decreasing CO, renin, BP, and HR; increase PNS/vagal tone

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18
Q

When would you use Clonidine?

A

Hypertension

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19
Q

What are the side effects of Clonidine?

A

CNS sedation/depression, dry mouth, decrease HR/Na/H2O retention

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20
Q

What is the MOA of Methyldopa?

A

Alpha-2 agonist

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21
Q

When would you use Methyldopa?

A

Hypertension; safe in pregnancy usually with diuretic

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22
Q

What are the side effects of Methyldopa?

A

CNS sedation, GI, hemolytic anemia maybe

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23
Q

What is the MOA of Hydralazine?

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A

Arteriolar vasodilation, activates baroreceptor/RAA reflexes

24
Q

When would you use Hydralazine?

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A

Hypertension; used as triple therapy with diuretic and beta blocker

25
What are the side effects of Hydralazine?
Edema, flushing, headache, reflex tachycardia; high first pass acetylation; resembles lupus
26
What is the MOA of Minoxidil?
Arteriolar vasodilation by opening K channels and hyperpolarizing SM
27
When would you use Minoxidil?
Last effort for hypertension; used as triple therapy with diuretic and beta blocker
28
What are the side effects of Minoxidil?
Reflex tachycardia, Na/H2O retention, hirsutism (hair growth)
29
What is the MOA of Nitroprusside?
Vasodilation via Fe/CN/NO complex which activates MLCK/MLC; fast acting and light sensitive
30
When would you use Nitroprusside?
Hypertensive crisis
31
What are the side effects of Nitroprusside?
Hypotension, reflex tachycardia; antidote= sodium thiosulfate
32
What is the MOA of Diazoxide?
Ateriolar vasodilation by opening K channels and hyperpolarizing SM
33
When would you use Diazoxide?
Hypertensive crisis; given IV bolus over 10 min, 24 hr HL
34
What are the side effects of Diazoxide?
Hypotension, reflex tachycardia, Na/H2O retention
35
What is the MOA of Verapamil?
Decrease Hr and AV conduction via Ca blockade
36
When would you use Verapamil?
Hypertension
37
What are the side effects of Verapamil?
Decreased contractility, maybe CHF; dose-dependent bradycardia; use cautiously with beta blockers > CHF and heart block
38
What is the MOA of Diltiazem?
Decrease HR and AV conduction via Ca blockade
39
When would you use Diltiazem?
Hypertension
40
What are the side effects of Diltiazem?
Decreased contractility, maybe CHF; dose-dependent bradycardia; use cautiously with beta blockers > CHF and heart block
41
What is the MOA of Nifedipine?
Arteriolar dilator; Ca blocker with no cardiac effect
42
When would you use Nifedipine?
Hypertension
43
What are the side effects of Nifedipine?
MI, reflex tachycardia, nausea, lightheadedness, dizziness, headache, peripheral edema (CHF, pulmonary)
44
What is the MOA of Captopril?
Decrease Angiotensin II by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme, increase bradykinin, both cause vasodilation; rapid onset
45
When would you use Captopril?
Hypertension, CHF; PO bioavailability decreased with food
46
What are the side effects of Captopril?
Cough, wheezing, angioedema; do not use in 2-3 trimester or those with bilateral renal stenosis
47
What is the MOA of Enalapril?
Decrease Angiotensin II by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme, increase bradykinin, both cause vasodilation; prodrug which forms enalaprilat, QD
48
When would you use Enalapril?
Hypertension, CHF
49
What are the side effects of Enalapril?
Cough, wheezing, angioedema; do not use in 2-3 trimester or those with bilateral renal stenosis
50
What is the MOA of Lisinopril?
Decrease Angiotensin II by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme, increase bradykinin, both cause vasodilation; slow onset, QD
51
When would you use Lisinopril?
Hypertension, CHF
52
What are the side effects of Lisinopril?
Cough, wheezing, angioedema; do not use in 2-3 trimester or those with bilateral renal stenosis
53
What are the ACE inhibitors?
Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril
54
What is the MOA of Losartan?
Aka ARB; Inhibits AT-1, blocking AT-2
55
When would you use Losartan?
Hypertension
56
What are the side effects of Losartan?
Similar to ACE inhibitors but NOT IN PREGNANCY

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