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PH3101 > Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 1 > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antibiotic?

A

A substance produced by one micro-organism which inhibits the growth of other micro-organisms

A substance produced by a micro-organism or a similar substance (produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis) which in low concentrations inhibits the growth of other micro-organisms (synthetic antimicrobial agents/synthetic anti-infective agents)

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2
Q

Give examples of microorganisms which produce antibiotics

A

Streptomyces
- streptomycin
- tetracyclines
Bacillus
- bacitracin
- polymyxin
Micromonospora purpurea
- gentamicin
Penicillium, Acremonium
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
- grisofulvin
Pseudomonas acidophila, Gluconobacter
- monobactam

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3
Q

Give examples of synthetic antibiotics

A

Sulphonamides
Chloramphenicol
Fluoroquinolones
Dapsone

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4
Q

What is a semi-synthetic antibiotic

A

Produced by fermentation and further modified by a chemical process

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5
Q

Give examples of semi-synthetic antibiotics

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins

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6
Q

Give examples of other sources of antibiotics

A

Natural plant products
Bacteriophages
- viruses which can kill bacteria
Antimicrobial peptides
Shark blood

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7
Q

When was the golden period of antibiotic discovery?

A

1940s - 1960s

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8
Q

List targets for antibiotic activity

A

Cell wall synthesis
DNA gyrase
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Protein synthesis (50s inhibitors)
Protein synthesis (30s inhibitors)
tRNA synthesis
Cell membrane
Folic acid metabolism

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9
Q

Give examples of antibiotics that target bacterial cell wall synthesis

A

Cycloserine
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Bacitracin
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems

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10
Q

Give an example of an antibiotic that targets DNA gyrase in bacteria

A

Quinolones

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11
Q

Give an example of an antibiotic that targets DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

A

Rifamycin

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12
Q

Give examples of antibiotics that targets protein synthesis (50s ribosome) in bacteria

A

MLS
Chloramphenicol

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13
Q

Give examples of antibiotics that targets protein synthesis (30s ribosome) in bacteria

A

Tetracyclines
Spectinomycin
Streptomycin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Aminoglycosides

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14
Q

Give an example of antibiotic that targets tRNA synthesis in bacteria

A

Mupirocin

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15
Q

Give examples of antibiotics that targets the cell membrane in bacteria

A

Polymyxins
Daptomycin

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16
Q

Give examples of antibiotics that targets the folic acid metabolism in bacteria

A

Sulphonamides
Trimethoprim

17
Q

What proportion of well known essential targets of bacteria are exploited?

A

< 20%

PH3101 (33 decks)

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