Antimicrobial chemotherapy Flashcards
(24 cards)
what bacteria is gentamicin active against?
gram negative bacilli
what are the side effects of gentamicin?
renal and ototoxicity
what class of drug is gentamicin?
amino glycoside
what class of antibiotic is ceftriazone and what bacteria is it good against?
cephalosporin
broad spectrum esp gram negative bacilli
what type of bacteria is flucloxacillin active against?
staphylococci
what antibiotic drug is effective against pseudomonas?
piperacillin / tazobactam
gentamicin
what are the side effects of quinolones?
c. diff
affects growing cartilage therefore contraindicated in children
what class of drug is vancomycin and what are the side effects?
glycopeptide
nephrotoxicity
what type of bacteria is vancomycin active against?
gram positive bacteria only
what does it mean by empiric prescribing?
prescribing antibiotics without the microbiology diagnosis
what methods can detect antibiotic resistance?
sensitivity testing;
- disk defusion method
- Etest
through what mechanisms does bacterial resistance spread?
plasmid mediated - congugation
chromosomal mediated - mutation in gene coding for drug target or transport system
how doe bacteria replicate?
binary fission
what are the 4 mechanisms of resistance?
enzymatic inactivation of drug
modified targets for drugs
reduced permeability to drug
efflux of drug
what antibiotic is MRSA resistant to?
flucloxacillin
what antibiotic is vancomycin resistant enterococci sensitive to?
linezolid
how does VRE infections occur?
VRE colonise the gut in patients exposed to multiple antibiotics
what are ESBL’s and what antibiotic are they resistant to?
extended spectrum beta-lactamase
resistant to beta lactam antibiotics & often cephalosporins
what type of bacteria are enterobacteraciae?
gram negative
live within the gut
what does CPE ?
carbapenem producing enterobacteriacae
colonise gut of healthy individuals
few treatment options
what drug is used for penicillin allergic patients?
vancomycin
what antibiotic is good for treating skin and soft tissue infections?
flucloxacillin
what is the most important possible hypersensitivity reaction from antibiotics that we have to be aware of?
anaphylaxis
what antibiotics have good biofilm activity?
rifampicin
daptomycin
ceftrobiprole
