Travel related illness

Question 1

what puts travellers vulnerable to infection?

Answer 1

temptation to take risks from home
stress of travel
different epidemiological of some diseases
incomplete understanding of health hazards
refugees i.e. deprivation, malnutrition, disease, injury

Question 2

give examples of climate or environment related health problems?

Answer 2

sunburn
heat exhaustion and heat stroke 
fungal infections
bacterial skin infections
cold injury
altitude sickness

Question 3

what is the vector for malaria?

Answer 3

female anopheles mosquito

Question 4

what is parasite causes malaria?

Answer 4

plasmodium falciparum

Question 5

how is malaria diagnosed?

Answer 5

thick and thin blood films
rapid antigen tests
quantitive buffy coat

Question 6

what is the presentation of malaria?

Answer 6

non speific
fever
rigors
aching bones
abdominal apin 
dysuria , frequency
headache
sore throat 
cough

Question 7

what are the severe consequences of malaria?

Answer 7

cerebral encephalopathy 
black water fever
jaundice
pulmonary oedema
severe anaemia
algid malaria (gram negative septicaemia)

Question 8

what parasitic count is indicative of severe malaria?

Answer 8

parasitic count > 2%

Question 9

what is the treatment for severe malaria?

Answer 9

IV artesunate

Question 10

what is the treatment for non-severe malaria?

Answer 10

Riamet

if not available then quinine + doxycycline or clindamycin

Question 11

what organism(s) is responsible for typhoid fever?

Answer 11

salmonella typhi

salmonella paratyphi

Question 12

how is typhoid fever contracted?

Answer 12

poor sanitation

unclean drinking water

Question 13

how is typhoid fever diagnosed?

Answer 13

culture blood, urine and stool

culture bone marrow

Question 14

what is the treatment for complicated and uncomplicated typhoid fever?

Answer 14

oral azithromycin (uncomplicated)
IV ceftriaxone (complicated)

Question 15

how is dengue fever transmitted?

Answer 15

airborne

Question 16

what is responsible for the transmission of dengue fever?

Answer 16

aedes aegypti mosquito

Question 17

what is the presentation of dengue fever?

Answer 17

abrupt onset fever
headache, retro-orbital pain
myalgia/arthralgia
maculopapular rash
haemorrhage signs i.e. purport, petechiae, positive tourniquet test

Question 18

how is schistosomiasis transmitted?

Answer 18

fresh water;

fresh water snails and are released into the water as cercariae which then penetrate into humans who enter the water

Question 19

what is the presentation of schistosomiasis?

Answer 19

swimmers itch in first few hours
inasvive stage: cough, abdo disomfort, splenomegaly, eosinophilia
katayama fever: prostrate, fever, urticaria, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, diarrhoea
acute disease: eggs deposited in bowel = dysentry or bladder = haematuria
chronic disease

Question 20

how is schistosomiasis diagnosed?

Answer 20

clinical
antibody tests
ova in stool and urine
rectal snip

Question 21

what is responsible for the transmission of rickettsiosis?

Answer 21

tick typhus

Question 22

what is the presentation of ricketsiossis?

Answer 22

swinging fever
headache
confusion
endovasculitis
rash
bleeding

Question 23

what is the treatment for ricketssiosis?

Answer 23

tetracycline

Question 24

what is tick typhus responsible for transmitting?

Answer 24

ricketssiosis

Question 25

what is the incubation period of viral haemorrhage fevers?

Answer 25

3 weeks

Question 26

what is responsible for zika?

Answer 26

flava virus

Question 27

what is parasite is responsible for the transmission of the zika virus?

Answer 27

aedes mosquito

Question 28

how is zika virus transmitted?

Answer 28

aedes mosquito bites sexual contact blood transfusion

Question 29

what is the presentation of zika virus?

Answer 29

``` headache joint pains conjunctivitis fever rash ```

Question 30

what tropical infections cause a rash?

Answer 30

dengue ricketssiosis typhoid zika virus

Question 31

what tropical infections can cause jaundice?

Answer 31

malaria | yellow fever

Question 32

in what tropical infection do you find rose spots? and what causes this infection?

Answer 32

typhoid fever | bacterial infection - salmonella typhi or paratyphi

Question 33

what tropical infection does tetracycline treat?

Answer 33

rickettsiosis

Question 34

what is the treatment for schistosomiasis?

Answer 34

praziquantel

Question 35

how is dengue fever diagnosed?

Answer 35

``` PCR serology clinical; - thrombocytopenia - leukopenia - increase in transaminases ```