Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Patho 1 > Antimicrobial Drugs > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Drugs Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Penicillins

A

Naturally occurring molds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Penicillins MOA

A

Disrupt synthesis of cell wall in bacteria that are growing and dividing- inhibit transpeptidases and activates autolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Penicillins indication

A

Many different organisms, outpatient settings (low toxicity); UTIs, STIs, sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia; gram +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

PCNs adverse reactions

A

Low toxicity, but urticaria (rash often on kids), pruritus, angioedema (life-threatening allergy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PCNs NC

A
  • Want to culture first
  • Drug interactions; NSAIDs, oral contraceptives, Warfarin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PCN G and PCN V classification and indication

A

Natural penicillins mostly for gram + bacteria and STDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PCN G and PCN V adverse reactions and NC

A

Least toxic, rash to anaphylaxis
- 30 minute half-life
- can be used with aminoglycosides to disrupt protein synthesis
- often IV/IM, PO can be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nafcillin classification

A

PCNase-resistant PCNs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

nafcillin indications

A

Staph bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nafcillin NC

A
  • IV only
  • good for bacteria that created penicillinase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amoxicillin and ampicillin class

A

AminoPCNs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Amoxicillin and ampicillin indications

A

Ear, nose, throat, GU, skin infections (amoxicillin), gram -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amoxicillin and ampicillin SE and NC

A

Diarrhea and rash (ampicillin), amoxicillin has fewer SE
- both combined with beta lactam bac
- ampicillin PO or IV
- amoxicillin only PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Piperacillin (Zosyn) classification

A

Extended-spectrum PCNs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Piperacillin (Zosyn) indications

A

Pseudomonas infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Piperacillin (Zosyn) SE and NC

A

Affect platelet function and renal dysfunction
- widest spectrum
- always given with beta lactamase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cephalosporins MOA

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis through same PCN binding protein and autolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cephalosporins indications

A

Broad coverage; often resistant to beta-lactamase bc bac secrete cephalosprinase, pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cephalosporins SE and NC

A

Low toxicity, avoid if PCN anaphylaxis; mild diarrhea, ab cramps, RASH, pruritus, edema
- some cross-sensitivity with PCN allergy
- poor oral absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cefazolin and cephalexin class and indications

A

Gram +, staph, NOT enterococca strep or CNS (can’t penetrate CSF), cefazolin surgical prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cefazolin and cephalexin NC

A
  • cefazolin IV only
  • Cephalexin both
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cefuroxime and cefotetan classification

A

2nd gen cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cefuroxime and cefotetan indications

A

Gram - and Gram +, NOT anaerobic bac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cefuroxime and cefotetan NCs

A

IV and PO available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cefriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime classification
3rd gen cephalosporins
26
Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime indication
Fights gram -, gram + only a little, CNS patients, pseudomonas (ceftazadine)
27
Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime NCs
- IV/IM - NO liver failure - Ceftriaxone—very long lasting
28
Cefepine class and indications
Grame - and +, very broad spectrum; UTIs, skin infections, pneumonias; crosses BBB
29
Ceftaroline, Ceftazolone classification and indications
5th gen cephalosporins; MRSA, MSSA, some VRSA/VISA
30
Ceftaroline, Ceftazolone NCs
- only IV - must be renally dosed; monitor kidney levels
31
Carbapenems MOA and indication
Imipenem/cilastin and meropenem; Bactericidal and cell wall inhibitor; broadest spectrum
32
Carbapenems SE and NC
Drug-induced seizure (not super common) - Last resort med - IV - infused over 60 minutes - carbapenem-resistant bacterias are VERY deadly
33
imipenem/cilastin indication
Most broad spectrum, can penetrate BBB and meninges, complicated infections
34
imipenem/cilastin SE and NCs
seizures (esp in elderly and combined with other meds) - combo of carbapenem with beta lactam inhibitor - needs cilastin bc stops an enzyme that otherwise degrades imipenem in the kidneys
35
Meropenem indications and SE
Pretty broad spectrum , gram + and - aerobes and anaerobes; less seizure activity, rash, and diarrhea
36
Vancomycin class and MOA
Glycopeptide antibiotics; Work on cell wall, causes immediate cell wall death, but not by autolysis
37
Vancomycin indications
Gram + (MRSA, PCN-resistant drugs), c.diff and pseudomembranous colitis (oral)
38
Vancomycin SE
Ototoxicity with high levels (reversible), immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, nephrotoxic, red man syndrome (related to giving it fast) - flush, rash, pruritis, urticaria, tachy, hypotension; infuse slow and over longer times, usually NOT harmful
39
Vancomycin NCs
- doesn’t work on CNS - kidneys eliminate drug, decrease dose for renal dysfunction - has to be oral for c. diff and pseudomembranous colitis - monitor plt levels - watch with contrast and neuromuscular blockades - don’t give dose super fast - draw peak and trough levels
40
Gentamycin, amikacin, tobamycin class
aminoglycosides
41
Gentamycin, amikycin, tobamycin MOA
inhibit/alter protein synthesis; binds to bac ribosomes and prevents protein synthesis
42
Gentamycin, amikacyin, tobamycin indications
Gram -, complicated infections like UTIs/kidney infx, gynecological infx, peritonitis, endocarditis, PNA, osteomyelitis (DM related)
43
Gentamycin, amikacin, tobamycin SE and NC
- Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (hearing); gentamycin–be careful when giving with neuromuscular blockade bc can cause myasthenia gravis (resp distress), CNS like confusion, depression, numbness, tingle, cochlear damage - need therapeutic monitoring–peak/trough levels - often dose according to renal function - wean from 3x/day to 1x/day - often used with vanc or beta lactamase (use before aminoglycosides)
44
Clindamycin class and MOA
Lincosamides; Bactericidal or bacteriostatic; binds to ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis
45
Clindamycin SE and NC
Very toxic, can cause pseudomembranous colitis–deadly diarrhea - PO and IV available - Monitor use with neuromuscular blockade meds - therapeutic drug monitoring - does not work on people with CRE
46
Erythromycin and azithromycin class and MOA
Macrolides; Bacteriostatic in general, but bactericidal in high concentrations; inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
47
Erythromycin and azithromycin indications
STIs (esp gonorrhea), resp infx, syn infections, soft tissue infections (Legionnaries, listeria, mycoplasma pneumonia)
48
Erythromycin and azithromycin SE and NC
YUCK drugs - GI prob (esp erythromycin)--N/V/D, upset stomach Erythromycin - hypomotility benefit for diabetic gastroparesis and increases gastric motility and emptying - does not cross BBB
49
Tetracycline, doxycyclin, minocycline class and MOA
Bacteriostatic that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
50
Tetracycline, doxycyclin, minocycline indications
Broad spectrum; STIs (doxycycline prophylactically), PID, acne and non-dangerous skin infx (doxycycline and minocycline), rheumatoid arthritis (minocycline)
51
Tetracycline, doxycyclin, minocycline SE and NC
Not for pregnant women and kids under 8–cause permanent discoloration and tooth enamel hypoplasia in fetus and kids; yeast infection, photosensitivity
52
Tetracycline SE and NC
N/V/D, HA, photosensitivity, dizziness; anaphylaxis, angioedema; can damage teeth - can't be IV - fasting is best
53
Fluroquinlones and MOA
Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin; destroy bacteria by altering DNA--interfere with enzymes
54
Ciprofloxacin indications
Treat UTIs, STIs, lower and upper resp infx, gonorrhea, other infx, anthrax
55
Ciprofloxacin SE and NC
Arthropathy (joint disease), often irreversible; prolonged post-abx effect–concentrated in neutrophils - PO, IV, topica - minimal usage on BBB/CSF - good for rapid and slow orgs - avoid pt under 18 and over 60 (bc bones)
56
Levofloxacin indications
Most widely used Fluoroquinolones, better for pneumococcal and other atypical resp infections
57
Levofloxacin SE and NC
CNS dx that cause sz, kidney failure, can cause prolongation of QT interval, photosensitivity - 100% oral bioavailable - once daily dose - less resistance
58
Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (Bactrim) class and MOA
Sulfonamides; inhibit growth of bacteria and prevent synthesis of folic acid
59
Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (Bactrim) indications
Uncomplicated UTIs, resp infx, salmonella, shigellosis; HIV
60
Bactrim SE and NC
- more common in pt with HIV - pt with Sulfa allergy can't take - photosensitivity
61
Metronidazole (Flagyl) MOA and indications
inhibit DNA synthesis; Candidiasis, h. pylori, crohn's disease, c. diff
62
Metronidazole (Flagyl) SE and NC
N/V, xerostomia (dry mouth), vaginal candidasis (yeast infection), abx-assoc diarrhea - DON'T take with alcohol
63
How are later generations of abx different?
increased/sepctrum/activity/ability to penetrate CSF
64
Which drug class is cross-sensitive with PCNs?
Cephalosporins

Patho 1 (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions