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Patho 1 > Male Reproductive > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Major cancer of 15-34Y

A

Testicular cancer

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2
Q

Big cause of male sterility

A

Testicular cancer

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3
Q

Risks for testicular cancer

A

Family hx, white, HIV esp in AIDS stage, cryptorchidism (testes not descended by 3M, and most not descended by 3Y, longer w/o descension, higher risk of cancer)

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4
Q

Can you get cancer in a teste if it descended with cryptorchidism?

A

YES (25%)
- if pt has corrected after 12Y or never, 2-6x higher chance of getting T cancer

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5
Q

What kind of tumor is most testicular cancer?

A

Germ cell tumors

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6
Q

Germ cells

A

Sperm forming

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7
Q

Seminomas

A

Rise from immature germ cells
- slow growing, non aggressive
- easy cure with radiation

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8
Q

Non-seminomas

A

From mature germ cells
- more aggressive, need surgery

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9
Q

CM of testicular cancer

A

Early - enlarge, painless mass, ache in groin or heaviness in scrotum
Late - frank pain, sx based on metastasis (cough, hemoptysis, swell, back pain, dizzy)

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10
Q

How deadly is testicular cancer?

A

Very curable if caught in early stage; not too deadly even in late stage

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11
Q

Prostate

A

Heart shaped gland around the urethra that makes seminal fluid

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12
Q

BPH

A

nonmalignant growth of epithelial (mechanical obs) and smooth muscle (dynamic obs) cells; both obstruct the urethra

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13
Q

Cause of BPH

A

unknown; sometimes from lower UTI

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14
Q

Risk for BPH

A

age, fam hx, race (higher in AfAm, lowest in Asian pop)

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15
Q

BPH theory of hormone imbalance

A

make T and little estrogen; T dec with time but est stays same of inc slightly, causing an imbalance from growth factors released

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16
Q

DHT accumulation theory of BPH

A

dihydrotestosterone increase and accumulates and activates growth factor and influences by presence of estrogen

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17
Q

DHT

A

dihydrotestosterone–made with T and 5-alpha-reductase

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18
Q

What does DHT do?

A

controls acne, growth of prostate, hair on chest, baldness

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19
Q

CM of BPH

Study These Flashcards
A

frequency, urgency, delay in initation, dec force of urine, inc urine time, dribbling

20
Q

Complication of BPH

Study These Flashcards
A

obstructive neuropathy, bladder stones, recurring UTIs, renal problems

21
Q

Tx of mild BPH

Study These Flashcards
A

Mild - watchful wt and annual eval

22
Q

Tx of moderate BPH

Study These Flashcards
A

drug therapy
- 5-alpha reducatase inhibitor and alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist

23
Q

Tx of severe BPH

Study These Flashcards
A

invasive surgical procedures and microwave therapy to dec excessive tissue

24
Q

Most common cancer in US men

Study These Flashcards
A

prostate cancer

25
Risk factors for prostate cancer
Age over 50, family history, high fat diet
26
What is prostate cancer r/t?
altered sex hormone production
27
Tx for prostate cancer
removal, chemo, radiation
28
Prostate cancer CM
- mostly asymp when early - bone pain with metastasis - mets to lungs via lymph (cough and hemoptysis) - pumonary symptoms
29
PSA screening
See paper notes
30
Prostate cancer severity decided by...
- Gleason score from tissue biopsy of 2 different spots (higher is worse) - tumor volume - PSA level and # of cores (dx cancer earlier than digital rectal)
31
Erectile dysfunction
- impotence - can't maintain erection for satisfactory sex
32
ED is often assoc with...
Chronic illness
33
Primary ED
rare and lifelong; often early vascular trauma or severe psych prob
34
Secondary ED
history is normal then it develops
35
Psychogenic cause of ED
depression, dec libido, performance anxiety, strained relaxation
36
Organic cause of ED
peripheral vascular disease, meds (antideps and antiHTN), endocrine, trauma, surg, dec T levels, sedentary
37
Erection patho
arousal - inc ParaNS and nitric oxide - nitric oxide activates cGMP - relaxation of arteries and smooth muscles - inc inflow/dec outflow - engorgement and erection
38
Drugs for ED
PDE-5 inhibitors
39
When is chemo used for prostate cancer?
When late sx are occurring
40
BPH often causes...
lower urinary tract syndrom
41
T/F: bigger prostate causes worse symptoms
FALSE
42
Benefits of PSA
- small survival benefit - associated with 50% dec in prostate cancer deaths in US
43
Harms of PSA screening
- takes 48 dx to prevent 1 death - only 1/3 men with positive PSA have cancer - unnecessary biopsies - SE of unnecessary tx include ED, incontinence, bowel probs
44
Prostate cancer tx
- no meds - surgical - chemo or radiation
45
cGMP
cyclic guanosine monophosphate
46
What does PDE-5 do?
Remove cGMP

Patho 1 (37 decks)

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