Antimicrobial Resistance 3 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Antimicrobial Resistance 3 Deck (13)
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1
Q

Humans

A

All begin to be colonised by enterobacteria from birth

2
Q

Some of bacteria from birth

A

Show some antimicrobial resistance that produce beta lactamaseu

3
Q

Role of animals and the envied in driving resistance

A

The use of antimicrobial in farmcanumals and transmission of resistant organisms in 1960
Bacteria and mobile elements liger on animals skin and faeces and can be transmitted from bacteria yo bacteria

4
Q

Pigs and pig manure

Other causes

A

Exposure hunan mrsa caused

Metals in environment, nutrogen fertisers affect abundance of resistant organisms in soils

5
Q

Antimicrobialsar epressicrbed

A

Most prescirved drugs

6
Q

Level of affect public health

A
Vaccination rates
Health care quality
Migration
Tourism
Population density
7
Q

Part kf resistance are ljnked tob

A

Use outside of human medicine
Veterinary medicine animal foods
Agriculture

8
Q

Human to human transmission drive resistance

A

Faecal-oral transmission
Sexual encounters
Health care
Inability to rapidly identify resistant organisms
Travel potential interruption through mass drug administration and vaccination the target organism

9
Q

Sewage and waste processing

Pharmaceutical

A

Has resulted in pathogenic resistant organisms being isolated in pre treatment and post treatment sewerage system

10
Q

Resistance affecting fitness if organism

A

Mutations that alter the target of antimicrobial can change bacterial physiology potentially making them less fir but compensatory mutation very often restore fitness

11
Q

Is resistance reversible

A

Attempting to out number resistant organisms by susceptible strains through limiting antimicrobial access eill not necessarily remove the resistant strain

Resistance is dependent on a number of genes and therefore only by removing access to all drugs to ehivh resistance and only if it is beneficial to the organism

12
Q

Approaches to dealing with resistance

A

Improve diagnosis and prescription in human, animal and agricultural sectors
Robust infection control mechanism to avoid transmission and need for treatment
Use of animal growth promoters and inappropriate infection prevention
Access to non medical feeds must ve promoted
Integrating of human and animal medicine public and environmental health policies and interlinking research and education

13
Q

Research needs

A

Understanding gow to minimise selection of antimicrobial resistance and optimal use of antimicrobial therapy
How to reduce prevalence of resistant organisms
Science of gene transfer and mechanism of resistance