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Flashcards in tutorial 1 Deck (29)
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1
Q

Endemic

A

– (a disease or condition) regularly found among particular people or in a certain area.

2
Q

Epidemic

A

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

3
Q

Classification of epidemiological studies

A

Qualitative- and quantitive

4
Q

Qualitative

A

descriptive and usually small in a group of people, information-rich

5
Q

quantitive

A

aims to collect large information from people, reperesents general population.
descriptive and comparative

6
Q

descriptive

A

: describe patterns of disease in variables, people, place and time descriptive purposes. Example Case report.

7
Q

comparative

A

comparing a control group constitute the analytical study approach. Assess the effect, risk factors, therapy. Has 2 types quality control research and analytical research

8
Q

Different forms of transmission of organisms

A

direct and indirect transmission

9
Q

direct transmission

A

: direct spread from person to person from carrier; ex asymptomatic an genetic carrier

10
Q

indirect transmission

A

: spread of infection through intermediary sources. Ex. Faecal- oral

11
Q

Infectivity

A

the ability of a pathogen to establish an infection

12
Q

Virulence

A

the severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison.

13
Q

• Pathogenicity

A

pathogenicity is the ability of an organism to infect a host and cause disease aggressiveness is the ability of the pathogen to invade and establish within the host,

14
Q

Criteria of causation

A

strength of causation: the stronger the association
Biological gradient: the observation that the frequency of disease increases with the dose or level of exposure usually lends to a casual interpretation.
Lack of temporal ambiguity: establish the cause of disease
Specificity of association: if the disease is only associated with one factor
Experiment: a trial is conducted
Plausibility: the hypothesized casual effect makes sense in the context of current knowledge, it is more likely to be accepted.
Consistency of feelings: all hypothesized cause and effect relationship produced a similar result.
Coherence of evidence: the cause and effect coherence of data should not be in conflict with the general known facts of the natural history
Analogy:

15
Q

strength of causation:

A

the stronger the association

16
Q

Biological gradient:

A

the observation that the frequency of disease increases with the dose or level of exposure usually lends to a casual interpretation.

17
Q

Lack of temporal ambiguity:

A

establish the cause of disease

18
Q

Specificity of association:

A

if the disease is only associated with one factor

19
Q

Experiment:

A

a trial is conducted

20
Q

Plausibility:

A

the hypothesized casual effect makes sense in the context of current knowledge, it is more likely to be accepted.

21
Q

Consistency of feelings:

A

all hypothesized cause and effect relationship produced a similar result.

22
Q

Coherence of evidence:

A

the cause and effect coherence of data should not be in conflict with the general known facts of the natural history

23
Q

Analogy

A

ok

24
Q

Reproductive rate

A

: transmission probability x contact per week x duration to infectivity

25
Q

• Herd immunity

A

the resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through vaccination.

26
Q

Incubation period

A

: time interval from exposure to an infectious agent to the onset of the symptoms of an infectious disease

27
Q

Induction period:

A

time interval between exposure and pathological onset

28
Q

Latency period

A

the time from exposure to casual agents to onset of symptoms of a (usually non-infectious) disease

29
Q

calculation of vaccination rate

A

idk haha