Antimicrobials

Question 1

Nitroimidazoles consist of what two medications

Answer 1

metronidazole, ronizadole

Question 2

what do nitroimidazoles fight against?

Answer 2

obligate anaerobes
protozoa (giardia)

Question 3

Are nitroimidazoles bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 3

bactericidal and protozoacidal

Question 4

what do nitroimidazoles disrupt?

Answer 4

synthesis of DNA and nucleic acids

Question 5

What are the side effects of nitroimidazoles?

Answer 5

neurotoxicity
illegal use in food animals

Ronidazole - fights against T. foetus. Illegal to use in food animals. Carcinogenic. Chemotherapy drug

Question 6

What medications make up amphenicols?

Answer 6

1) chloramphenicol
2) florfenicol

Question 7

what do amphenicols protect against

Answer 7

gram positive (+)
gram - (negative)
rickettsia
mycoplasma
chlamydia

Question 8

what do amphenicols disrupt?

Answer 8

synthesis of bacterial protein

Question 9

what are the side effects of amphenicols?

Answer 9

D+
bone marrow suppression
WEAR GLOVES when touching - can cause abortion

Chloramphenicols: do NOT use in food producing animals; causes APLASTIC ANEMIA in humans

Florfenicol: approved use in cattle

Question 10

What medication causes aplastic anemia in humans?

Answer 10

chloramphenicol

Question 11

What medication is approved use in cattle?

Answer 11

Florfenicol

Question 12

what genre of medication can cause abortion when touched without gloves?

Answer 12

amphenicols

Question 13

are amphenicols bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 13

bacteriostatic

Question 14

are lincosamides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 14

BOTH

Question 15

what medications fall under lincosamides?

Answer 15

lincomycin
clindamycin
pirlimycin

Question 16

what do lincosamides disrupt?

Answer 16

bacterial protein synthesis

Question 17

what do lincosamides protect against?

Answer 17

gram positive (+)
obligate anaerobes
mycoplasma

Question 18

what are the side effects of lincosamides?

Answer 18

D+
CONTRAINDICATED in horses

Question 19

are macrolides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 19

bacteriostatic

Question 20

what do macrolides disrupt?

Answer 20

protein synthesis

Question 21

what are drugs that are macrolides?

Answer 21

erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
tilmicosin
tylosin

Question 22

what do macrolides protect against?

Answer 22

gram positive (+)
obligate anaerobes
pencillinase producing staphylococcus
mycoplasma

Question 23

what are the side effects of macrolides?

Answer 23

D+
ERYTHROMYCIN AND TYLOSIN - CAUSES FATAL D+ IN HORSES!!

Question 24

are fluoroquinolones bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 24

bactericidal

Question 25

what do fluoroquinolones disrupt

Answer 25

DNA synthesis and supercoiling

Question 26

what do fluoroquinolones fight against

Answer 26

gram negative (-) Brucella Mycobacterium Mycoplasma Chlamydia Rickettsia

Question 27

what are the side effects of fluoroquinolones?

Answer 27

D+ cartilage damage (young animals) blindness in cats @ high doses seizures DO NOT USE IN PREGNANT ANIMALS CIPROFLOXACIN: CONTRAINDICATED IN HORSES

Question 28

what drugs fall under fluoroquinolones?

Answer 28

enrofloxacin marbofloxacin orbifloxcain ciprofloxacin diflofloxacin pradofloxacin

Question 29

are penicillins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 29

bactericidal

Question 30

what do penicillins disrupt?

Answer 30

cell wall synthesis

Question 31

what do penicillins protect against?

Answer 31

gram positive (+) obligate anaerobes

Question 32

what are the side effects of penicillins?

Answer 32

D+ hypersensitivity reactions

Question 33

what medications fall under penicillins?

Answer 33

Narrow: -Pen G -Pen V Penicillins: -Ampicillin -Amoxicillin Potentiated: -Amoxicillin + Clavunate

Question 34

What do amoxicllin + clavunate protect against?

Answer 34

beta lactamase producing staphylococcus gram negative (-)

Question 35

are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 35

bacteriostatic

Question 36

what do tetracyclines protect against?

Answer 36

gram positive (+) chlamydia rickettsia borreia mycoplasma

Question 37

what are the side effects of tetracyclines?

Answer 37

d+ esophageal strictures in cats decreases oral absorption when given w/ calcium + iron containing products such as sucralfate, antacids binds to enamel of neonates causing yellow discoloration doxycycline IV CONTRAINDICATED in horses

Question 38

what drugs fall under tetracyclines?

Answer 38

doxycycline tetracycline oxytetracycline minocycline

Question 39

are sulfonamides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 39

both

Question 40

what are the side effects of sulfonamides?

Answer 40

SULFA DRUGS D+ hypersensitivity reactions in dogs (skin, liver, eyes, joints) bone marrow suppression teratogenic

Question 41

what do sulfonamides protect against?

Answer 41

gram + gram - protozoa (some - coccidia)

Question 42

what drugs fall under sulfonamides?

Answer 42

sulfadiazine (colitis) + trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim sulfadimethoxine (albon) + ormetoprim

Question 43

what do sulfonamides disrupt?

Answer 43

production of folic acid

Question 44

are cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 44

bactericidal

Question 45

what do cephalosporins disrupt?

Answer 45

cell wall synthesis

Question 46

what are the side effects of cephalosporins?

Answer 46

d+ v+ anorexia hypersensitivity reactions

Question 47

what do cephalosporins protect against?

Answer 47

1st gen: gram + staphylococcus penicillinase producing 2nd gen: gram - >gram + 3rd gen: gram ->>gram + beta lactamase resistant 4th gen: enterobacteriae pseudomonas broader spectrum

Question 48

what drugs make up cephalosporins?

Answer 48

1st gen: cefazolin cephalexin cefadroxil 2nd gen: cefotetan cefoxitin 3rd gen: cefpodoxime (simplicef) cefovecin (convenia) cefitofur ceftraxone cefotaxine 4th gen: cefepime

Question 49

are aminoglycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 49

bactericidal

Question 50

what do aminoglycosides disrupt?

Answer 50

protein synthesis

Question 51

what are the drugs that fall under aminoglycosides?

Answer 51

amikican gentamycin neomycin tobramycin

Question 52

what are the side effects of aminoglycosides?

Answer 52

ototoxicity nephrotoxicity DO NOT use in dehydrated animals Only give parenterally poor GI absorption

Question 53

what do aminoglycosides protect against?

Answer 53

gram -

Question 54

side effect of amphotericin B

Answer 54

nephrotoxic

Question 55

itraconazole

Answer 55

side effect: hepatotoxicity Treats blastomycosis