large animal diseases

Question 1

what are the cattle core vaccines?

Answer 1

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)

bovine virus diarrhea (BVD)

bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)

parainfluenza type 3 (PI3)

Clostridium sp. (Blackleg)

Leptospira bacterins

Question 2

Sheep/Goat Core vaccines

Answer 2

Clostridium perfringens C & D

Tetanus

Question 3

tularemia is also known as what?

Answer 3

rabbit fever

Question 4

what causes undulant fever in humans?

Answer 4

Brucella (also known as Bang’s disease)

Question 5

What is cat scratch disease called?

Answer 5

Bartonella

Question 6

What does coxiella burnetti cause

Answer 6

Q fever

Question 7

What is the causative agent of Johne’s disease?

Answer 7

Mycobacterium avium subsp, paratuberculosis

Question 8

What are the clinical signs of Johne’s disease?

Answer 8

chronic wasting disease affecting small intestines

diarrhea

severe weight loss

affects ruminants

Question 9

What is blackleg disease?

Answer 9

Caused by:
Clostridium chauovoei

Transmission:
Ingestion of spores in the soil

Clinical Signs:
lameness
loss of appetite
rapid breathing
fever
swelling
death w/in 12-48 hours

Question 10

Anthrax disease in bovines

Answer 10

Bacillus anthracis (gram +, spore forming)

“splenic fever”

Causes:
acute death w/ no other symptoms
bleeding from orifices
ataxia
seizures
localized swelling of tissues, neck, shoulders, thorax

ZOONOTIC TO HUMANS

Question 11

What causes “pinkeye”/infectious bovine keratoconjuncitivitis?

Answer 11

moraxella bovis

Question 12

What is “red nose” in cattle?

Answer 12

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

Cause:
-Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV 1)

Tranmission:
-airborne
-direct contact w/ infected animals
-indirect contact via fomites

Signs:
Can cause moraxella bovis

Question 13

What is Listeria monocytogenes in cows?

Answer 13

“circling disease”
“silage sickness”

CNS
facial nerve paralysis
tongue hanging from motuh
circling
drooping eears
blindness

Zoonotic!

Question 14

What is “Red Water Disease” in cows?

Answer 14

Leptospirosis
-hemoglobinuria

Abortion
fever
Agalactia
Mastitis

ZOONOTIC

Question 15

What is known as Bovine Respiratory Disease Syndrome (BRDS)?

Answer 15

“Shipping fever”
“Pasteurellosis”

Etiology is COMPLEX - caused by a number of viruses, bacteria, stressors

IBR, PI3, BRSV, Respiratory coronavirus

Question 16

What is Dermatophilosis?

Answer 16

Rain rot or Rain Scale

caused by Dermatophilus congolensis

Common skin infection seen in livestock during rainy seasons or in damp weather

Question 17

What is orbivirus?

Answer 17

blue tongue disease in sheep, cattle, and goats

Question 18

Psittacosis

Answer 18

Parrot Fever

Chlamydia psittaci

Spread via bird droppings and nasal discharge
ZOONOTIC TO HUMANS

Question 19

Pachecho’s disease

Answer 19

parrot herpesvirus

NOT CONTAGIOUS TO HUMANS

Question 20

What is white muscle disease?

Answer 20

associated w/ low selenium and vitamin E

NUTRITIONAL MYODEGENERATION

Causes by unsupplemented cattle grazing soils of volcanic orgin

Question 21

What is Orf?

Answer 21

“soremouth”

ZOONOTIC

caused by parapox virus

papules/pustules on the lips

Question 22

Pemphigus

Answer 22

autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes

acanthosis - antibodies are deposited in the intercellular spaces causing the cells to detach from each other

Question 23

Cryptosporidium parvum

Answer 23

protozoan parasite that causes severe gastroenteritis in animals and humans

spread from baby cows

Question 24

sheeps are highly susceptible to what toxicity?

Answer 24

COPPER

causes them to become ICTERIC

Sheep are highly susceptibly to copper toxicity. Because this causes an acute hemolytic crisis, the most common signs are:
-acute death
-icterus
-depression
-hemoglobinuria
-increased RR
-weakness

Pathology often shows dark, hemoglobin filled kidneys (“gun metal blue”)