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Infection And Clinical Practice > Antimicrobials 3 - Specific Therapy > Flashcards

Antimicrobials 3 - Specific Therapy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the only pathogen to cause bacterial meningitis in the young and old that is not covered by cefotaxime?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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2
Q

What is given alongside cefotaxime in bacterial meningitis to cover listeria infection?

A

Amoxicillin

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3
Q

What do cephalosporins have limited activity against? How do we combat this?

A

Anaerobes e.g. In an abdominal infection

Give concurrent metronidazole

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4
Q

What are all enterococci resistant to?

A

Cephalosporins

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5
Q

Which is the only antibiotic that pseudomonas is sensitive to? (Oral)

A

Ciprofloxacin

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6
Q

If clinically and/or microbiologically indicated which antibiotic should be given first line for an acute sore throat?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (pen V)

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7
Q

If clinically indicated, what antibiotic should be given first line for acute OM?

A

Amoxicillin

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8
Q

Alternatives to penicillin for URTIs?

A

Macrolides - clarithromycin for sore throat, erythromycin for OM

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9
Q

Antibiotic choice for acute COPD exacerbation?

A

Amoxicillin, doxycycline or clarithromycin

Co-amoxyclav if severe

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10
Q

What antibiotic for CAP with CURB65

A

Amoxicillin, doxycycline or clarithromycin

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11
Q

What should be done for a severe CAP with CURB65 > 1?

A

Admit to hospital, oral amox + clarithromycin

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12
Q

What is first line for uncomplicated UTIs? Stipulations?

A

Trimethoprim

Not in kids or pregnant/breastfeeding women

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13
Q

What steps should be taken if first line treatment fails for UTI? Alternative Abs?

A

Re-culture urine

Nitrofurantoin

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14
Q

First line treatment for uncomplicated UTI in pregnancy?

A

Cefalexin

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15
Q

First and second line treatments for acute pyelonephritis?

A

Ciprofloxacin

Co-amoxyclav

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16
Q

What can be given for multi-cause or highly resistant UTIs?

A

Tazocin

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17
Q

What drug can be given if necessary for C Diff first line? Second line?

A

Metronidazole

Vancomycin

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18
Q

What gen of cephalosporin is cefotaxime and what is it specifically indicated for?

A

3rd gen to treat bacterial meningitis

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19
Q

Recommended treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

Ceftriaxone IM and azithromycin single dose

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20
Q

What is the daily alternative to ceftriaxone/azithromycin for gonorrhoea?

A

Ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin daily

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21
Q

What is the one-off PO alternative to ceftriaxone IM in gonorrhoea?

A

Cefixime

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22
Q

Recommended treatment for chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline for 7 days

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23
Q

What is the one-off alternative to doxycycline for chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

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24
Q

What is the treatment (if required) for BV?

A

Metronidazole

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25
Treatment options for candidiasis?
Clotrimazole pessary | Single dose fluconazole
26
Treatment for trichomonas infection?
Metronidazole
27
Treatment option if necessary for HSV genital ulcer infection?
Aciclovir
28
Treatment for Syphillis?
Benzathine penicillin injection
29
Alternative to benzathine penicillin for Syphillis?
Doxycycline
30
What is the home treatment for genital warts?
Podophyllotoxin
31
Empirical Rx for acute IE of unknown cause?
Vancomycin plus gentamicin (to cover s. Aureus)
32
What can be given for common causes of IE that are proven to be susceptible to penicillin?
Amoxicillin plus gentamicin
33
Generally what needs to be given alongside a cell wall disrupter in IE?
Gentamicin - protein synthesis inhibitor
34
Rx for atypical pneumonia?
Amoxicillin or a macrolide
35
Rx for acute mastoiditis?
Co-amoxyclav or 3rd gen cephalosporin
36
Rx for cellulitis/erysipelas?
Flucloxacillin (covers BHS A (strep pyogenes) and in theory s. Aureus)
37
Medical Rx for nec fasc?
Meropenem + clindamycin
38
What antibiotic is used in MRSA infection and what class is it?
Vancomycin - a glycopeptide
39
Rx for acute osteomyelitis?
Usually s aureus, GAS, s pneumoniae so use flucloxacillin +/- rifampicin
40
What can be given for pneumococcal meningitis if penicillin resistant strain or penicillin allergy?
Vancomycin
41
Rx for bacterial meningitis if B lactam allergy?
IV chloramphenicol
42
Risk of giving IV chloramphenicol for bacterial meningitis (B lactam allergy)?
Agranulocytosis - grey baby syndrome
43
What is the specific treatment for HSV encephalitis?
IV aciclovir
44
What can be given for aggressive CMV meningitis in an immunocompromised patient?
Ganciclovir
45
Prophylaxis for close contacts of bacterial meningitis?
Ciprofloxacin or Rifampicin
46
Antibiotic Rx for acute osteomyelitis?
Usually s aureus, GAS or s pneumoniae | So flucloxacillin and Rifampicin
47
Recommended Rx for septic arthritis?
Flucloxacillin + Rifampicin
48
What is the general treatment for an infection likely to be caused by s aureus or strep?
Flucloxacillin + Rifampicin
49
General principles of management for infective endocarditis?
Wait for culture and sensitivity before commencing specific treatment - can usually wait
50
Rx for epiglottitis in relation to its most likely causes?
Ceftriaxone (GAS or haemophilus influenzae b) | Chloramphenicol IV if true penicillin allergy
51
Rx for quinsy?
Co-amoxyclav
52
What is the Rx for otitis media if required?
Amoxicillin
53
Rx for oral candidiasis?
Nystatin suspension
54
Rx for gastroenteritis?
Normally viral. Non-campylobacter only treated if systemic illness -> ciprofloxacin If severe campylobacter infection give erythromycin
55
Rx for biliary tract infections?
Co-amoxiclav +/- gentamicin single dose
56
Is co-amoxiclav effective against anaerobes?
YES - suitable for many GI infections where anaerobes likely to be implicated
57
Rx for peritonitis or abdominal abscess?
Co-amoxiclav + stat Gentamicin
58
What is gentamicin used to cover?
Infection by gram negative bacteria
59
Rx for infection in neutropenic patients?
Tazocin +/- gentamicin | Alternatively ciprofloxacin + teicoplanin ; metronidazole if anaerobics
60
Rx for GBS bacteruria in pregnant women not in labour?
Pen V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) oral

Infection And Clinical Practice (13 decks)

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