Antimicrobials Flashcards
(26 cards)
Bacteriostatic means..
To inhibit growth of bacteria
Broad spectrum…
Many bacterial species
Narrow spectrum…
Limited number of bacterial species
Limited spectrum…
Single species of bacteria
Antibiotics work by…
Interfer/inhibit cellular structures/processes
Target bacteria specific structures
Toxic to bacteria only
Innocuous to humans (little/no SE)
What is a bacteria specific organelle that is the target for many antibiotics?
Cell wall
Cell walls of gram+ bacteria have…
Thick layers of peptidoglycan chains
Cell walls of gram - bacteria have…
Thin peptidoglycan layer
Antibiotics targeting PG biosynthesis are not as effective for this type
Beta lactam antibiotics act on…
Pg biosynthesis
Lead to autolysis (cell death)
Effective against growing and dividing cells
Bacterial species resistant to b lactam antibiotics produce?
B lactamase
This inactivates antibiotics by breaking down their b lactam ring
Penicillins
Cephalosporin
Carbapenems
Vancomycin
Beta lactam antibiotics
Penicillin G
amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Penicillins
Chef alexia Cefazolin Cefaclor Cefixime Cefepime
Cephalosporin antibiotics
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Imipenem
Carbaphenem antibiotics
Protein synthesis occurs in the…
Ribosomes
Bacterial ribosomes sub units differ from humans. They are called…
30s +50s
Tetracycline and amino glycosides (gentamicin, streptomycin) target which sub unit of the ribosome?
30S
Macrolides (erythromycin) and chloramphenicol target which sub unit in bacterial ribosomes?
50S
Bactericidal means…
To kill bacteria
Antibiotics targeting protein synthesis are…
Broad spectrum + and -
Bacteriostatic
Greater toxicity as human ribosomes are damaged too
Floroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxicin
Norfloxicin
Moxifloxacin
Target DNA biosynthesis of bacteria
Fluoroquinoles are effective against…
Broad spectrum
Gram negative and intracellular pathogens (legionella, mycoplasma)
RNA biosynthesis requires…
DNA dependent RNA polymerases
Rifampicin
Antibiotics inhibiting RNA biosynthesis
Inhibits bacterial but not human RNA polymerases
Treatment for TB
