Anxiolytics And Antidepressants Flashcards by Emma ridpath

Anxiolytic drug classifications

Sedative hypnotics
Benzodiazepines
Second generation non benzodiazepines

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Anti psychotic drug classifications

Neuroleptics

Atypical drugs

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Dopamine receptors work by…

Mediate all known pharmalogical actions of dopamine

Two major groups:

D1 like - increase cAMP
D2 like - decrease cAMP

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Monoamine neurones are…

Located in the discrete nuclei writhing the brain stem and mid brain

Project widely throughout the forebrain

Affect mood and arousal

Drugs affecting this have a big effect of behaviour

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Mood disorders

Major (unipolar) depression

Bipolar - depression/ mania

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Fight or flight (sequence of events )

Stress causes hypothalamus to produce CRh

CRH activates SNS, tells pituitary gland to secrete ACTH

Adrenal gland secretes cortisol

This then feeds back on glucocorticoid receptors in the hypothalamus

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SERT inhibitors are…

Inhibit serotonin and nor adrenaline

Non selective

Maintain high levels of monoamines in synaptic cleft

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Phenelzine ( Nardil)

Tranylcypromine (parnate)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

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Phenelzine ( Nardil) Is used to treat…

Depression and bi polar disorder

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Tranylcypromine (parnate) is used to treat…

Severe depression

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Side effects of MAOI’s

Hypertensive crisis

Foods high in tyramine (cheese effect)
Tryptophan drugs avoided as can cause serotonin syndrome

Weight gain
Oedema
Sedation
Sexual dysfunction

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Contraindications of MAOI’s

Impaired renal or hepatic function

Hypertension

Pregnant or lactating women

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Imipramine ( tofranil)

Amitriptyline (elavil)

Doxepin ( sinequan)

Tricyclic antidepressants

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Imipramine (tofranil) is used to treat…

Tricyclic depression

Depression

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Amitriptyline (elavil) is used to treat …

Tricyclic anti depressant

Depression

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Dozepin ( sinequan) is used to treat…

Tricyclic anti depressant

Depression/anxiety

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Tryicyclic anti depressants adverse effects

Weight gain
Sexual dysfunction
Inhibition of cytochrome p450
Anti cholonergic effects : dry mouth blurred vision dizziness headache and constipation

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Tricyclic antidepressant contraindications

Myocardial infarction
CHD
Avoid other CnS depressant eg antihistamine

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Fluoxetine ( Prozac)

Paroxetine (Paxil)

Sertraline (Zoloft)

Citalopram (celexa)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

SSRI

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Fluoxetine is used to treat …

SSRI

DEPRESSION

OCD

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Paroxetine is used to treat…

SSRI

DEPRESSION

PANIC DISSORDERS

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Sertraline is used to treat…

SSRI

DEPRESSION

PANIC DISSORDERS

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Catalopram is used to treat…

SSRI

DEPRESSION

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SSRI adverse effects

Sexual dysfunction

Dependence and withdrawal

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SSRI contraindications

People with history of mania or anxiety

Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Venlafaxine ( Effexor)

Miscellaneous next generation antidepressants

Lithium carbonate (lithobid) Lithium citrate (cibalith) Carbamazepine (tegretol) Valproate (depacon)

Mood stabilisers

Lithium carbonate is used to treat...

Mood stabiliser Prophylaxis and acute mania

Lithium citrate is used to treat...

Mood stabiliser Prophylaxis Acute mania

Carbamazepine is used to treat...

Mood stabiliser Mania Epilepsy

Valproate is used to treat...

Mood stabiliser Mania Epilepsy

Adverse effects of mood stabilisers are...

``` Dizziness Headache Confusion Hair loss Oedema Withdrawal ```

Anti depressant drug classifications

MAOI Tricyclic drugs SSRI Lithium

Contraindications of mood stabilisers

Renal dysfunction Leukaemia Dehydration Sodium depletion Sodium bicarbonate

Glutamate

Excitatory neurotransmitter

GABA

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Glycine

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Acetylcholine

Excitatory neurotransmitter

Dopamine

Modulatory neurotransmitter

Peptides

Modulatory neurotransmitter

Anxiolytics drug classifications are...

Sedative hypnotics Benzodiazepines Second generation non benzodiazepines

Thiopental (Pentothal) Secobarbital (Seconal) Phenobarbital ( luminal) Zolpiderm ( ambien)

Sedative hypnotics

Thiopental is used to treat...

Sedative hypnotic Prep for surgery

Secobarbital is given for ...

Sedative hypnotic Insomnia Anxiety Acute agitation

Phenobarbital is used to treat...

Sedative hypnotic Insomnia Anxiety Seizures

Zolpidem is used to treat...

Sedative hypnotic Insomnia

Sedative hypnotics adverse effects

Check for suicidal tendencies Avoid other CNS drugs Drowsiness Dependence Tolerance Seizure on withdrawal

Contraindications of sedative hypnotics

Children under 18 Pregnancy Nursing mothers

Diazepam (Valium) Alprazolam (Xanax) Tamazepan (restoril) Lorazepam (Ativan)

Benzodiazepine

Diazepam is used to treat...

Benzodiazepine Anxiety Seizures

Alprazolam is used to treat...

Benzodiazepine Anxiety Panic DISSORDERS

Tamazepam is used to treat...

Benzodiazepine Short term for insomnia

Lorazepam is used to treat...

Benzodiazepine Anxiety Status epilepticus Pre op sedation Amnesia

Benzodiazepine adverse effects

``` Headache Dry mouth Blurred vision dizziness Memory loss Hypotension ``` Date rape drug

Contraindications of benzodiazepines

Renal and hepatic dysfunction Glaucoma Pregnancy / lactation

Buspirone (buSpar)

Non benzodiazepine anxiolytic Short term Anxiety Depression

Non benzodiazepine anxiolytic side effects

Anti cholonergic effects : dry mouth dizziness insomnia nausea Avoid other CNS drugs NEVER WITH MAOI's

Symptoms of disorganised schizophrenia

Disorganised Flattened mood Difficult to understand -speech

Symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia

Hallucinations | Delusions

Symptoms of catatonic schizophrenia

Psychomotor disturbances Catatonic stupor Waxy flexibility

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine ) Fluphenazine (prolixin) Haloperidol (haldol) Loxapine (loxitane)

Typical antipsychotics/neuroleptics

Chlorpromazine is used to treat...

Typical antipsychotic /neuroleptics Psychosis Behaviour issues in children

Fluphenazine is used to treat...

Typical antipsychotic/ neuroleptics Psychosis Schizophrenia

Haloperidol is used to treat...

Typical antipsychotic /neuroleptics Psychosis Severe behaviour problems

Loxapine is used to treat...

Typical antipsychotic /neuroleptics Mood disorder Schizophrenia

Typical antipsychotic /neuroleptic side effects and contraindications

Parkinsonism Sedation and hypotension Tardive dyskinesia Impaired thermoregulation and lactation Don't take with: CNS depressants, anticonvulsant, anti hypertensives, antacids CI: CV disease, bone marrow depression, renal, liver, thyroid dysfunction, Parkinson's disease

Clozapine (clozaril) Amisulpride (solian) Respiridone (risperdal) Olanzepine (zyprexa)

Atypical antipsychotic

Clozapine is used to treat...

Atypical antipsychotic Schizophrenia

Amisulpride is used to treat...

Atypical antipsychotic Schizophrenia

Risperidone is used to treat...

Atypical antipsychotic Schizophrenia

Olanzepine is used to treat...

Atypical antipsychotic Schizophrenia

Side effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs

Weight gain Headache, blurred vision, photosensitive, insomnia Nervousness, dizziness, GI distress Risk of neuroleptic malignancy syndrome is low

Contraindications of atypical antipsychotic drugs

CNS depressants, anti hypertensives Glaucoma, peptic ulcer disease, impaired renal/hepatic function

Anxiolytics And Antidepressants Flashcards

(73 cards)