antimicrobials (against intracellular activity) PHARM

Question 1

animoglycosides

Answer 1

gentamycin
(amikacin, tobramycin)

Question 2

lincosamides

Answer 2

clindamycin

Question 3

macrolides

Answer 3

erthyomycin
azithromycin

Question 4

tetracyclines

Answer 4

tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline

Question 5

fluorouquinolones

Answer 5

ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin

Question 6

sulfonamides

Answer 6

sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

Question 7

metronidazole

Answer 7

anti-protozoal & anti-bacterial

inhibits DNA synthesis

FOR: crohns disease + antibiotic-associated diarrhea

SE: N/V, dry mouth, yeast infection

*NO ALCOHOL

Question 8

sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

Answer 8

(sulfonamides)

inhibit bacterial growth (bacteriostatic) by preventing folic acid synthesis

*1ST DRUG FOR UTI

FOR: uncomplicated UTI, resp infection, salmonella, shigellosis

*adverse rxn common in HIV population

Question 9

sulfa allergies

Answer 9

photosensitivity

+ typically allergy signs

Question 10

fluroquinolones MOA

Answer 10

destroy bacteria by altering DNA
*most gram -/some + coverage
*very potent

Question 11

ciprofloxacin

Answer 11

PO, IV, topical

*SE: bone pain (irreversible) –> NOT FOR PT <18 or >60

*treats anthrax (infection caused by bacillus anthracis)

*prolonged post ATB effect (increased neutrophils)

Question 12

levofloxacin

Answer 12

*most widely used
*SE: CNS disorders, seizures, kidney failure, QT prolongation (heart rhythm prob), photosensitivity

1x/day - IV or PO (100% bioavailability)

*more activity against pneumococcal & atypical respiratory infections

Question 13

tetracycline

Answer 13

bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit protein synthesis to binding ribosomes

for: rickettsia, chlamydia, cholera, pelvic inflammatory disease, mycoplasma PNA, acne

NOT FOR: pregnant/nursing, children <8 years

SE: permanent teeth discoloration, tooth enamel hyperplasia in fetus/children, photosensitivity

Question 14

doxycycline

Answer 14

chlamydial and mycoplasmal infections
prophylaxis for STI
acne/ skin infections

Question 15

minocycline

Answer 15

neisseria meningitides

decrease RA symptoms

solodyn = XR formula

Question 16

macrolides

Answer 16

inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

YUCK DRUGS - intense GI SE’s

for: upper/lower respiratory infections, STIs, skin infections
*legionnaire’s, listeria, mycoplasma PNA

Question 17

erythromycin

Answer 17

hypo motility benefits for diabetic gastroparesis + increase gastric motility and empty

intense GI side effects - take with food

lots of drug interactions, doesn’t cross BBB,

PO - not good absorption
IV - painful

Question 18

azithromycin

Answer 18

differs structurally

less GI upset, still some - take on empty stomach

good tissue penetration
long duration of action

Question 19

clindamycin

Answer 19

(lincosamides)

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

FOR: chronic bone infections, GU tract infections, intraabdominal infections, anaerobic PNA, sepsis, skin infections, prophylaxis for endocarditis

*monitor use with paralytics

PO/IV

**can cause DEADLY pseudomembranous colitis

Question 20

aminoglycosides

Answer 20

SEVERE SE:
nephrotoxicity (kidneys - reversible) + ototoxicity (permanent)

*therapeutic monitoring
*3x/day to 1x/day

FOR: UTIS/pyelonephritis, gynecological infections, peritonitis, endocarditis, PNA, osteomylitis (DM infections)