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Antineoplastic Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

against new tissue formation; an agent that counteracts development, growth, spread of malignant cells

A

ANTINEOPLASTIC

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2
Q

destructive cells

A

CYTOTOXIC

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3
Q

Rapid production

A

PROLIFERATING CELLS

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4
Q

Newest drugs are called ———- that target only cancer cells

A

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

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5
Q

Many antineoplastic possess ————- properties which decrease antibodies and phagocytes and inflammatory reaction

A

IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE

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6
Q

old and new drugs are used; combination of drugs used for palliative effects or long term or complete remission in early treatment of CA

A

chemotherapy

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7
Q

alleviation of symptoms

A

Palliative

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8
Q

It is an abnormal mass of tissue as a result ofNeoplasia

A

NEOPLASM

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9
Q

(new growthin Greek) is the abnormal proliferation ofcells

A

NEOPLASIA

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10
Q

Classification of Neoplasm

A
  • Benign
  • Potentially malignant
  • Malignant
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11
Q

Warning signs of CANCER

A

C-hange in bowel or bladder habits
A- sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
T-hickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
I-ndigestion or difficulty in swallowing
O-bvious change in a wart or mole
N-agging cough or hoarseness

U-nexplained anemia
S-udden unexplained weight loss

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12
Q

they mimic nutrients that the cell needs to grow, tricking the cell into consuming them, so it eventually starves to death

A

Antimetabolites

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13
Q

tx for wide range of CA like brain tumors, sarcomas, lymphomas and leukemias

A

Antimetabolites

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14
Q

Examples of medications in use (antimetabolites)

A

Methotrexate, flurouracil, cytarabine, 6-mercaptopourine

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15
Q

Side effects of antimetabolites

A

N/V, diarrhea, mucosal ulceration, bone marrow suppression, leukopenia w/ infection, anemia, thrombocytopenia w/ hemorrhage, rash, itching, photosensitivity, scaling, alopecia

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16
Q

Renal and hepatic disorders, pregnancy, GI ulcers

A

Contraindications of Antimetabolite

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17
Q

act directly onDNA, causing cross-linking of DNA strands,abnormalbasepairing, or DNA strand breaks, thus preventing the cell from dividing. Alkylating agents are generally considered to be cell cycle phase nonspecific, meaning that they kill the cell in various and multiple phases of the cell cycle. Although alkylating agents may be used for most types of cancer, they are generally of greatest value in treating slow-growing cancers

A

Alkylating agents

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18
Q

tx for wide range of CA like brain tumors, sarcomas, lymphomas and leukemias

A

Alkylating agents

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19
Q

Carmustine, cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, thiotepa (used for metastatic ovarian, testicular, bladder CA)

A

Examples of meds in current use (Alkylating agents)

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20
Q

Side effects of Alkylating agents

A

N/V, diarrhea, mucosal ulceration, bone marrow suppression, leukopenia w/ infxn, anemia, thrombocytopenia w/ hemorrhage, rash, itching, photosensitivity, scaling, alopecia, neurotoxicity like headache, vertigo and seizures, loss of reproduction capacity, pulmonary fibrosis, hemorrhagic cystitis

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21
Q

Debilitated patients, pregnancy, renal disease

A

Contraindications of Alkylating agents

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22
Q

These drugs act specifically by blocking the ability of a cancer cell to divide and become two cells. Although they act throughout the cell cycle, some are more effective during the S- and M- phases, making these drugs cell cycle specific. Examples of plant alkaloids used in chemotherapy are actinomycin D, doxorubicin, and mitomycin.

A

Plant Alkaloids

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23
Q

tx in combination with other CA agent , for leukemias, hodgskin’s disease, lymphomas, sarcomas, etc

A

Plant alkaloids

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24
Q

Examples of medications in use (plant alkaloids)

A

Vinblastine or vincristine, paclitaxel (second line to metastatic breast or ovarian)

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25
side effects of plant alkaloids
Neurotoxicity like numbness, tingling, ataxia, foot drop, pain in the jaw, head, extremities and visual disturbances, severe constipation, diarrhea, N/V, oral or GI ulceration, rash, phototoxicity, alopecia, leukopenia (vinblastine), tissue necrosis in IV site, hypersensitivity
26
pregnancy, hepatic dysfunction, infection
Contraindications of Plant alkaloids
27
fatal if given intrathecal, paclitaxel is so toxic needs supervision of oncologist and frequent monitoring of VS
Cautions of Plant Alkaloids
28
They are not the same as antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections. Rather, these drugs cause the strands of genetic material that make up DNA to uncoil, thereby preventing the cell from reproducing
Antibiotic Antineoplastics
29
tx wide range of malignacy like leukemias, sarcomas, hodgskin’s, lymphomas, breast CA , tumors of the head, necks and testicles
Antibiotic Antineoplastics
30
Bleomycin, doxorubicin, mitomycin
examples of medications in use (antibiotic antineoplastics)
31
side effects of antibiotic antineoplastics
Anorexia, N/V, diarrhea, bone marrow suppression, cardiotocxicity, CHF, pneumonitis, dyspnea, rales, pulmonary fibrosis, ulceration of mouth and colon, alopecia, rash and scaling
32
Pregnancy, liver disorders, cardiac disease
Contraindications of antibiotic antineoplastics
33
is a type of cancer treatment that removes, blocks, or adds specific hormones to the body. Some types of cancer use the body's natural hormones to fuel their growth.
Hormone Therapy
34
such as prednisone, in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs in the tx of leukemias and lymphomas in large doses of dexamethasone (decadron) in tx of N/V
Corticosteroids
35
fluid retention, cushingoid features (moon face), fatigue, weakness, osteoporosis
side effects of hormone therapy
36
primary hormonal therapy for metastatic strogen receptor-positive breast CA in both men and postmenopausal women, palliative tx of advance metastatic breast CA
Antiestrogen
37
alternative to tamoxipen in Postmenopausal with CA
Anastrozole (Arimidex)
38
are rare and dose related resembling menopausal symptoms, N/V, hot flushes, night sweats
side effects of hormone therapy
39
is adninistered once in a month for prostate CA
Antiandrogen
40
is a gonadotropin-releasing hormon (GnRH) Antiandrogen
Leuprolide acetate (Lupron depot)
41
is an oral antiandrogen used simulatneously with leuprolide in the tx of metastatic prostate CA. Antiandrogen
Bicalutaamide (casodex)
42
are also used with antineoplastic agents in the tx of malignancies of the reproductive system (breast, uterus, prostate) Antiandrogen
Sex hormones such as estrogens, progestins and androgens
43
mpotence, hot flushes, generalized pain, infection, constipation, nausea
Side effects of antiandrogen
44
The drugs should be continuously given even s/s improves
Antiandrogen
45
is a complex combination of many properties of many proteins acting as BRM. The action is complex affecting cell proliferation, cell functions and immune system response.
Interferon Alfa
46
 flulike syndrome-fever, fatigue, headache, muscle ache and pains, GI symptoms, anorexia, N/V, diarrhea, dry mouth
Adverse side effects of BRM
47
sleep disturbances, mental symptoms, hematological effects-leukopenia, ´Dyspnea, cough, nasal congestion Alopecia-transient BRM
Nervous system effects
48
exogenous antibodies genetically engineered in labs by combining antibody producing B cells with a CA cell.  It is designed to target only cancer cells. Given IV.
Monoclonal antibodies (MABs)
49
in combination with fluroracil is a first line tx for metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum Rituximab (Rituxan) tx for relapsed or refractory, (unresponsive) non-hodgkin’s lymphoma BRM
Bevacizumab (Avastin)
50
combined with paclitaxel –first line tx for metastatic breast CA BRM
Trastuzumab  (Herceptin)
51
fever, chills, headache, dizziness, N/V, itching, rash, generalized pain,
side effects of BRM
52
can be minimized by acetaminophen (Tylenol), diphenhydramine (benadryl),and meperidine (demerol) Angioedema, hypotension, dyspnea, bronchospasm (stop infusion), anaphylaxis, cardiac arrythmias, angina, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive crisis, Acute renal failure, hematological toxicity(decrease wbc), GI perforation and GI bleeding
Severe reactions of BRM
53
tx for certain types of CA, injected to the affected side like radiogold in th tx of ascites caused by CA
Radioactive Isotopes
54
decreased blood count occurring 4-6 wks
Side effects of Radioactive Isotopes
55
is administered PO or IV to treat thyroid CA or implanted in the body in the form of capsules, needles or seeds
Routes of administration (Radioactive Isotopes)
56
Special precaution for Health care workers to prevent radioactive exposure
Health care precautions
57
follow protocol for the protection of patient and health care worker. Proper isolation precaution like proper handling of linens
Isolation precautions
58
on time, exactly as prescribe, keep patient comfortable, check and review drug inserts
Administer as prescribed
59
check sites for  site necrosis and infiltrations
Carefully check IV sites
60
patient or health care worker if it happens flush with water immediately
Don’t let medications contact skin or eyes
61
minimize N/V
Use of antiemetics
62
minimize discomfort and oral ulceration
Thorough oral hygiene

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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