Antiparasticides Flashcards
1
Q
Quinilones
A
- allow sporozoite infilitration but prevent development.
- coccidiostat
- inhibit cytochrome mediated electron transport in parasites mitochondria which interferes with parasites respitation
- very insoluble
- poorly absorbed by GIT
- low toxicity
- Cattle, sheep, goats, broilers to prevent coccidiosis
- in combination with clopidol in poultry and turkeys
- in sheep mid pregnancy to prevent toxoplasma abortion (14 weeks before lambing)
2
Q
Clopidol
A
- act on sporozoites and trophozoites
- some action on 2nd generation gametogeny, shizgony and sporulation
- allows penetration but not replication
- prophylaxis in poultry
3
Q
Nitrobenzimides
A
- act on 1st generations schizonts and inhibit sporulation
- coccidiostatic for 6 days then coccidicial
- prophylaxis in poultry
4
Q
Ionophores
A
- act on 1st generation sporozoites and trophozoites inhibiting schizont production
- carrier of cation across lipid barrier (different ionophores have different affinities)
- allows membrane permeability to cations (K, MG, H,Ca) which disrupts oncotic pressure ± energy depletion (trying to fix the imbalance)
- prophylaxis in poultry.cattle, sheep,goats and rabbits
- toxic!-have a very low therapeutic index, especially in horses
- don’t use with chloramphenical, tiamulin, sulphonmides & cardiac glycosides
- acute myocardial and muscular degeneration
- sweating, colic, ataxia and hindlimb paralysis
5
Q
Amprolium
A
- act on 1st stage schizonts, sporulating oocyst and sexual stages
- prevents thiamine transport into parasite
- prophylaxis in poultry
6
Q
Robenidine
A
- act on 1st and 2nd stage generation schizonts (preventing merozoite production)
- inhibits oxidative phosphorylation
- mainly coccidiocidal but some are coccidostats
- can taint meat so decrease dose and increase withdrawl period
7
Q
Nicabazin
A
- equimolar of 2 drugs: dinitrocarbanilide & dimethylpyrimidiniol
- interferes with oxidative phosphrylation by inhibition of succinate linked nanide reduction and energy dependent trans hyrdrogenase
- Toxic
- will decrease egg production, decrease growth and increase heat stress effects
8
Q
Diclazuril
A
- Thiazine derivative
- main efficacy against later stages, some against ALL stages
- coccidial
- acts on apicoplast present in apicomplexon parasites (but not host) which could plat a role in AA/FA synthesis
- prophylaxis in poultry and sheep
- Treatment in sheep, rabbits and horses
9
Q
Triazinon
A
- inhibit nuclear division of schizont and microgametes and wall forming bodies of mactogametes
- Treatment and prophylaxis in pig, cattle, sheep and poultry
- treats equine protozoal myelitis
10
Q
Alkaloids
A
- synthetic halogenated derivative of febrifugine
- acts on all sexual stages and 1st generation schizonts
- prophylaxis in poultry
- treatment and prophylaxis of cryptosporidiosis in cattle
11
Q
Sulphonimides
A
-Inhibit PABA
12
Q
diaminopyrimidines
A
-inhibit DHFR
13
Q
Toxoplasmosis prevention
A
- Decoquinate (quinilone) mid pregnancy onwards
- sheep live vaccination (taccyzoites) 3 weeks prior to tupping
14
Q
Toxoplasmosis treatment
A
- sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine (effective against tachyzoites but toxic in cats)
- clindamycin (decreses oocyst shedding in cats) (also used against canine neosporsis)
15
Q
Babsia treatment
A
imidocarb
tetracycline
