Antipsychotics Flashcards
Parkinsonism in a person taking antipsychotics can be treated with…
(4)
and what should NEVER be given
can be treated with conventional
antiparkinsonism drugs of the antimuscarinic type (benztropine or trihexyphenidyl)
with diphenhydramine, or
amantadine.
Levodopa should never be used in these patients.
which antipsychotic is being described: has much more potent antidopaminergic and much less potent antimuscarinic activity than clozapine.
Unlike clozapine, it can cause extrapyramidal reactions and hyperprolactinemia.
Risperidone
SEIZURES are especially common with what two antipsychotics
chlorpromazine (classical) and clozapine (atypical)
Some of the atypical antipsychotic drugs produce more weight gain and increases in lipids than some typical antipsychotic drugs. Weight gain is especially prominent with (what 2 drugs)
Adverse effects of weight gain include increased risk of new-onset or worsening of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. (metabolic syndrome)
clozapine and olanzapine.
Labels of all atypical antipsychotics must carry a warning about the increased risk of hyperglycemia and diabetes.
Antipsychotic drugs are pregnancy category C.
Only_________is category B.
clozapine
the only antipsychotic drug that causes retinal deposits, which in advanced cases may resemble retinitis pigmentosa. The deposits are usually associated with “browning” of vision.
Thioridazine
which two atypical antipsychotics are least likely to cause EPRs
Clozapine and quetiapine are the agents least likely to induce EPR.
D1-like dopamine receptors: activate or inhibit adenylyl cyclase?
D2-like dopamine receptors: activate or inhibit adenylyl cyclase?
D1-like dopamine receptors: D1 & D5: activate adenylyl cyclase
D2-like dopamine receptors: D2, D3, D4: inhibit adenylyl cyclase
what are some COMMON PROPERTIES OF ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
- Most atypical drugs exhibit dual antagonism at 5-HT2A and D2 receptors. They are sometimes referred to as serotonin-dopamine antagonists (SDA).
- They appear to exert part of their action by blocking 5HT receptors.
They are much less likely to cause extrapyramidal reactions than classical agents.
They are less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia
They are less likely to cause increases in prolactin
They are more effective at treating negative symptoms.
They are effective in treatment of refractory populations.
Low potency, high anticholinergic activity, low affinity for D2 recpetors at basal ganglia, less EPRs
is that describing the class that thioridazine and chlorpromazine belong to or haloperidol and fluphenazine?
Low-potency conventional antipsychotic drugs chlorpromazine or thioridazine
deposits in the anterior portions of the eye (cornea and lens).
Chlorpromazine
what is the most important adverse effect of antipsychotic drugs.
TARDIVE DYSKINESIA
Late-occurring syndrome of abnormal choreoathetoid movements.
Patients display involuntary movements including lateral jaw movements and fly-catching motions of the tongue. Disfiguring and potentially irreversible disorder. Probably due to long-term dopamine receptor blockade, causing dopamine receptors to up-regulate.
The drugs most commonly used to manage akathisia (restless leg syndrome) are..
(2)
clonazepam or propranolol.
- Classical antipsychotics are subclassified according to their potency:
- Name the High-potency drugs:
- Name the Low-potency drugs:
H + -azines
(4)
High-potency drugs: Fluphenazine and haloperidol. More likely to produce EPRs.
Low-potency drugs: Chlorpromazine and thioridazine. Less likely to produce EPRs and more likely to produce sedation and postural hypotension.
Blocking α1 receptors results in orthostatic hypotension..common with what drug
chlorpromazine (classical)
