Antiseptics and Disinfectants

Question 1

Sterilization

Answer 1

The actor process that destroys or eliminated all forms of life, especially microorgs including spores

Question 2

Disinfection

Answer 2

Killing of pathogenic organisms by direct application of physical or chemical agents

Question 3

Antiseptics

Answer 3

Destroy or inhibits the growth of microorgs in or on living tissue (handwashes, sx scrubs)

Question 4

Disinfectants

Answer 4

Eliminate or reduce harmful/pathogenic microorgs (except spores) from inanimate object surfaces

Question 5

Cleansers

Answer 5

Cleans or removes dirt or debris (surfactants and detergents)
Prior to dinfection or antisepsis tx (soap or germicide)

Question 6

Soap

Answer 6

Emulsify and solubilize hydrophobic firt, fat and protoplasmic membrane
NOT a germicide

Question 7

Germicide

Answer 7

Agent that destroys microorgs, especially pathogenic organisms

Question 8

Resistant levels

Answer 8

Low-level: bacteria
Intermediate level: Fungi
High-level: bacterial spores

Question 9

Critical items

Answer 9

Enter or penetrate the skin or mm- must be sterilized
Scalpel, sx instruments, needles

Question 10

Semi-critical tems

Answer 10

Touch intact mm
Catheters, endoscopes (high level)

Question 11

Non-critical items

Answer 11

Don’t touch mm but may contact the skin
Cages, tables, food bowels (low to intermediate level)

Question 12

Chlorine Compounds

Answer 12

Low to intermediate level disinfectants
Sodium hypochlorite (Dakin’s Solution) and Organic chlorides (chloramine-T)

Question 13

Chlorine compounds MOA

Answer 13

Release of free chlorine and formation of HOCl from water
Acidic pH will enhance activity

Question 14

Chlorine compound uses

Answer 14

Sanitation: dairy equipment, animal housing, hospital floor, non-critical items

Question 15

Chlorine compounds limitations

Answer 15

Corrosive to metals, destroys fabrics
Unstable to light
Inactivated by the presence of blood
Irritates mm
Strong irritating odor

Question 16

Hypochlorite containing disinfectants

Answer 16

Effective in killing dermatophyte Microsporum canis

Question 17

Water soluble chlorine compounds

Answer 17

Used in water disinfection and poultry processing to control Salmonella

Question 18

Iodine compounds

Answer 18

Low to intermediate-level biocidal activity
Free iodine (germicidal) insoluble in water

Question 19

Tincture of iodine

Answer 19

Kills 90% bacteria in 3 min
Irritating, corrodes metals, stains skin and clothing, painful to open wounds and delays healing

Question 20

Tamed iodines (iodophors)

Answer 20

Common solubilizing carrier: PVP or povidone
Srub, spray, swabs, pads
Strong antiseptic, prevents bacterial growth

Question 21

Alcohol

Answer 21

Intermediate-level biocidal activity
Antiseptics > disinfectants
Most rapid and greatest reduction of microbes

Question 22

Alchol uses

Answer 22

Alchol based sanitary hand gels in hopsitals
Kills bacteria, fungi and some viruses at high conc.

Question 23

Alcohol PK

Answer 23

Ethyl (70%) and Isopropyl (50%)
Evaporates easy and lacks residual action
Can’t be used to sterilize

Question 24

Biguanides (Chlorhexidine)

Answer 24

Antiseptic
Non-irritating and acts within 30 sec
Some residual activity (5-6hr)

Question 25

Chlorhexidine uses

Answer 25

Presx antiseptic, wound flush, teat dip Combines with alcohol to ↑ efficacy Used as C. digluconate or C. diacetate

Question 26

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)

Answer 26

Used for infections in the eye, mouth and vagina Contact lens disinfectants Against G+ and G- bacteria: MRSA, pseudomonas and strept

Question 27

Detergents

Answer 27

Surface activate agents: cleansing Emulsifying agents with antibacterial property Ionic (cationic and anionic), nonionic (not antibacterial)

Question 28

Anionic detergents

Answer 28

Active in mild acid solution Soaps and sodium lauryl sulphate Soap emulsifies grease and loosens keratin, dirt and debris

Question 29

T/F: Anionic Detergents are active against G+ organisms only

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

What is combined with anionic detergents

Answer 30

Phenol, chlorhexidine, potassium iodide to ↑ antibacterial activity

Question 31

Cationic detergents

Answer 31

Quaternary ammonium compounds G+ and G- bacteria Disinfect floor, wall and equipment

Question 32

Cetrimide (cationic detergent)

Answer 32

Skin cleaning and wound dressing Dairy equipment, utensils and clothes and hands Prophylactic agents against mastitis Anti-rust agents

Question 33

Benzalkonium chlorides (cationic detergent)

Answer 33

Skin sterilization MM and clean deepp wounds

Question 34

Glutaraldehyde- 2% Cidex

Answer 34

Chemo sterilizing agent, active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, spores and biofilms High level disinfection: 10-30m, sterilization 6-10hr of contact time

Question 35

Glutaraldehyde- 2% Cidex MOA

Answer 35

Denaturation of protein and alkylating agent

Question 36

Glutaraldehyde- 2% Cidex use

Answer 36

Disinfection for lensed clinical equipment (endoscope or cryoscope) and tx of blood products

Question 37

Hydrogen peroxide (oxidizing compounds)

Answer 37

Antiseptic: initial tx of recently contaminated wounds Disinfection of soft contact lenses Combined with surfactant and stabilizer to improve antimicrobial activity

Question 38

Potassium peroxy monosulfate (PPMS)- oxidizing compound

Answer 38

Oxidizing agent for pools and hot tubs High-level disinfectant in cirital areas

Question 39

Peracetic Acid (PAA)

Answer 39

Highly biocidal oxidizer PAA and peroxide combination Sterilant/ antiseptic/disinfectant

Question 40

Peracetic Acid uses

Answer 40

Removes surface contaminants (protein) Automated systems: medical, sx and dental instruments US meat and poultry plants

Question 41

Phenols

Answer 41

Carbolic acid Oldest antiseptic, not used due to toxicity Triclosan

Question 42

Phenol uses

Answer 42

M. tuberculosis Bacteria, fungi and yeasts In soaps, deodorants, shampoos, toothpastes, medical supplies

Question 43

Ethylene oxide (C2H4O4)

Answer 43

Water soluble flammable gas used to temperature-sensitive medical devices or equipment Kills bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses and spores

Question 44

Formaldehyde gas

Answer 44

Viruses, fungi, bacteria, and bacterial spores Disinfection of hopsital linen and food-producing industries *gases affected by humidity*

Question 45

Sx antiseptic uses

Answer 45

Skin, mm and wounds

Question 46

Specific antisepsis

Answer 46

Chlorhexidine Iodophor Alcohol-containing products Iodine Hexachlorophene Soap

Question 47

Scrub/solution preps

Answer 47

Chlorhexidine: gluconate scrub- antiseptic for intact skin Chlorhexidine acetate: solution- antiseptic for wounds Povidine iodine scrub- antiseptic for intact skin Povidone iondine solution- antiseptic for mm