Antivirals

Question 1

What parts are the targets for antivirals?

Answer 1

1. entry
2. uncoating
3. reverse transcription (retroviruses)
4. genome integration
5. protease inhibition
6. replication + assembly
7. release
8. translation (RNA viruses)
   
   • -> TFi
   • -> antisense RNA
   • -> ribozymes

Question 2

Amantidine + Rimantidine

Answer 2

Use = shingles + Influenza A
MoA = target penetration + uncoating

Question 3

Acyclovir, Gancyclovir + Ribavirin

Answer 3

Use =
HSV (encephalitis + varicella zoster) –> acyclovir
CMV –> gancylovir
RSV, HCV –> ribavirin
MoA = nucleotide analogues –> target nucleotide metabolism
acyclovir = viral thymidine kinase inhibitor

Question 4

Zidovudine + lamivudine

Answer 4

Use = HIV / AIDS
MoA = reverse transcriptase inhibitors
zidovudine (AZT) forms triphosphate derivative whihc is incorporated into viral DNA

Question 5

Protease inhibitors

Answer 5

MoA = prevents the cleavage of polyprotein that is needed to produce mature proteins
Examples:
- nelfinavir –> HIV/AIDS
- boceprevir / telaprevir = HCV

Question 6

Oseltamavir + zanamavir

Answer 6

Use = influenza infections 
MoA = neuraminidase inhibitor (prevents release of nascent virus particles)

• heavy use of tamiflu during H1N1 pandemic has lead to resistance