Antivirals: MOAs

Question 1

Chloroquine

Answer 1

Anti-malarial that blocks detox of heme into hemozoin; accumulation of heme in toxic to plasmodia

Question 2

Neuraminidase inhibitors (class)

Answer 2

Anti-flu: Inhibit NA–> decreased release of progeny virus

Question 3

Zanamivir

Answer 3

NA inhibitor

Anti-flu: Inhibit NA–> decreased release of progeny virus

Question 4

Omseltamivir

Answer 4

NA inhibitor

Anti-flu: Inhibit NA–> decreased release of progeny virus

Question 5

Ribavirin

Answer 5

Competitive inhibitor of IMP DH–> inhibits synth of guanine ntides

Question 6

Acyclovir

Answer 6

Guanosine analog that’s monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase–> triphosphorylated by cellular enz–> inhibits DNA polymerase via chain termination

Question 7

Famciclovir

Answer 7

Guanosine analog that’s monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase–> triphosphorylated by cellular enz–> inhibits DNA polymerase via chain termination

Question 8

Valacyclovir

Answer 8

Prodrug of acyclovir
(Guanosine analog that’s monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase–> triphosphorylated by cellular enz–> inhibits DNA polymerase via chain termination)

Question 9

Ganciclovir

Answer 9

Guanosine analog. Monophosphorylated by CMV viral kinase–> triphosphorylated by cell enz–> inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Question 10

Valganciclovir

Answer 10

Ganciclovir prodrug
(Guanosine analog. Monophosphorylated by CMV viral kinase–> triphosphorylated by cell enz–> inhibits viral DNA polymerase)

Question 11

Foscarnet

Answer 11

Pyrophosphate analog. Viral polymerase inhibitor that directly binds the pyrophosphate binding site of the enz (no activation by viral kinase required)

Question 12

Cidofovir

Answer 12

Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase; doesn’t require phosphorylation by viral kinase

Question 13

Protease inhibitors (class)

Answer 13

Inhibit HIV protease–> can’t cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts–> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.

Question 14

Atazanavir

Answer 14

Protease inhibitor
(Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)

Question 15

Darunavir

Answer 15

Protease inhibitor
(Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)

Question 16

Fosamprenavir

Answer 16

Protease inhibitor
(Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)

Question 17

Indinavir

Answer 17

Protease inhibitor
(Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)

Question 18

Lopinavir

Answer 18

Protease inhibitor
(Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)

Question 19

Ritonavir

Answer 19

Protease inhibitor: main fxn is to “boost” other drug concentrations by inhibiting p450
(Inhibit HIV protease–> can’t cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts–> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)

Question 20

Saquinavir

Answer 20

Protease inhibitor
(Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)

Question 21

Nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) (class)

Answer 21

Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group). Require phosphorylation to be active.

Question 22

Abacavir

Answer 22

NRTI

Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group

Question 23

Didanosine

Answer 23

NRTI

Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group

Question 24

Emtricitabine

Answer 24

NRTI

Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group

Question 25

Lamivudine

Answer 25

NRTI | Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase--> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3'OH group

Question 26

Stavudine

Answer 26

NRTI | Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase--> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3'OH group

Question 27

Tenofovir

Answer 27

Only nucleoTide NRTI; thus doesn't require phosphorylation to be active (unlike nucleoside NRTIs) (Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase--> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3'OH group))

Question 28

Zidovudine

Answer 28

NRTI | Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase--> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3'OH group

Question 29

NNRTIs (class)

Answer 29

Bind RTase at different site than NRTIs--> terminate DNA chain.

Question 30

Efavirenz

Answer 30

NNRTI | Bind RTase at different site than NRTIs--> terminate DNA chain.

Question 31

Nevirapine

Answer 31

NNRTI | Bind RTase at different site than NRTIs--> terminate DNA chain.

Question 32

Delavirdine

Answer 32

NNRTI | Bind RTase at different site than NRTIs--> terminate DNA chain.

Question 33

Raltegravir

Answer 33

Reversibly inhibits HIV ubtegrase--> inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell chromosome

Question 34

Enfuvirtide

Answer 34

Fusion inhibitor; binds gp41--> inhibiting viral entry

Question 35

Maraviroc

Answer 35

Fusion inhibitor: binds CCR5 on surface of T-cells and monocytes--> inhibits interaction w/ gp120