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Exam 4 > Anxiety > Flashcards

Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

Whole health begins with what?

A

A healthy mind.

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2
Q

Why is it important to first take care of yourself?

A

So that you can take care of others.

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3
Q

Anxiety, in small doses, is helpful to live life well, when does anxiety become a problem?

A

When it overtakes the ability to function normally.

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4
Q

What are the three types of anxiety orders that we are discussing?

A
  • Generalized anxiety disorder.
  • separation anxiety
  • panic disorder
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5
Q

What neurotransmitters are involved with anxiety?

A

GABA, norepinephrine, serotonin

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6
Q

Who can anxiety disorders affect?

A

People of all ages

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7
Q

Can medical problems cause symptoms of anxiety disorders?

A

Yes.

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8
Q

What is the primary symptom of anxiety disorders?

A

“Free floating anxiety” - dont know why they are anxious

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9
Q

What factors affect the pathophysiology and etiology of anxiety disorders?

A

Biological, genetic, and environmental factors.

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10
Q

What are the neurobiological theories of anxiety disorders?

A

-role of the brain (each part of the lambic system plays a part)

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11
Q

What is the Amygdala?

A

The “emotional brain”

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12
Q

What is the hippocampus?

A

The part that stores memory related to fear

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13
Q

What is the locus coeruleus?

A

Stimulates arousal.

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14
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

Activates the entire response

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15
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Integrates all sensory stimuli

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16
Q

What are the nuerochemical theories of anixiety disorders?

A

Communication with the brain occurs through action of the neurotransmitters.

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17
Q

What are the neurotransmitters whos action causes the brain to communicate?

A

GABA, Norepinephrine, serotonin,

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18
Q

What is GABA?

A

Neurotransmitter that decreases neuronal excitability.

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19
Q

What is Norepinephrine?

A

A stress hormone; excitatory

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20
Q

What is serotonin?

A

A hormone that gives a sense of well-being

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21
Q

True or false.

A lot of psych meds use norepinephrine and serotonin.

A

True

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22
Q

What are the psychosocial theories?

A

Anxiety is a sign of internal conflict resulting from threatened emergence of repressed emotions

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23
Q

What are the behavior theories?

A

Faulty thinking and behavior are learned responses to stressors and can be unlearned,

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24
Q

What are genetic theories?

A

Genetic predisposition, family history

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25
Q

What are the humanistic theories or anxiety disorders?

A

Various causes interact to produce complex of symptoms.

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26
Q

What are the risk factors of anxiety disorders?

A
  • childhood adversity
  • family incidence
  • social factors
  • serious or chronic illness
  • traumatic events
  • personality factors
  • multiple stressors
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27
Q

What are the risk factors of anxiety disorders for children?

A
  • being female
  • familial predisposition
  • socioeconomic factors
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28
Q

What are the risk factors of anxiety disorders for adults?

A
  • cognitive, chronic physical impairments (ex: early Alzheimer’s )
  • significant emotional loss
  • lower economic
  • unmarried
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29
Q

What are the ways you can prevent anxiety?

A

-being aware of what predisposed the anxiety
—keep track of patterns
—seek help early
-avoid unhealthy substances like ETOH, illegal drugs, nicotine, caffeine

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30
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of a mild anxiety disorder?

A
  • increase in sensory perception, arousal
  • increase in alertness, motivation
  • restlessness, irritability, sleeplessness
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31
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of moderate anxiety disorders?

A
  • narrowing of perceptual field, attention span
  • increased restlessness, respiration’s, sweating
  • discomfort, irritability with others
32
Q

What are the clinical manifestations with moderate anxiety disorders?

A
  • perceptual field greatly reduced
  • difficulty following directions
  • feelings of dread, horror
  • need to relieve anxiety
  • headaches, dizziness
  • nausea, trembling, insomnia,
  • palpations, tachycardia, hyperventilation
33
Q

In the clinical manifestations of panic can you focus?

A

no

34
Q

In the clinical manifestations of panic, what happens to your perception?

A

It become distorted.

35
Q

In the clinical manifestations of panic, what do you feel?

A

Terror, doom

36
Q

In the clinical manifestations of panic, how can your behavior be described?

A

Bizarre

37
Q

In the clinical manifestations of panic, what happens to the pupils?

A

They dilate

38
Q

In the clinical manifestation of panic, is sweating often present?

A

Yes,

39
Q

What does diaphoresis mean?

A

Sweating.

40
Q

In the clinical manifestation of panic, what two opposites may be present?

A

Immobility and hyperactivity

41
Q

In the clinical manifestation of pallor, how does the body react visually?

A

Trembling, sleeplessness, palpitations, pallor

42
Q

In the clinical manifestations of panic, what are the two things that start with “inco”?

A

Incoherence and muscular incordination

43
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of GAD?

A
  • Pervasive apprehension, worry (FOMO)
  • excessive anxiety for at least 6 months
  • difficulty relaxing, fatigue, poor concentration
  • irritability, muscle tension, GI issues
44
Q

How does GAD present in children?

A
  • intense worry over a long period of time

- significant distress

45
Q

What is Separation anxiety disorder?

A

An extreme state of uneasiness with being separated from familiar people.

46
Q

Most common type of separation anxiety in manifested by whom?

A

Children

47
Q

When a child presents with Seperation anxiety what do they refuse to do?

A

Sleep alone, attend school, more severe than normal seperation anxiety.

48
Q

How long must symptoms last to be diagnosed with a seperation anxiety disorder?

A

Fear symptoms must last at least 4 weeks.

49
Q

What is a panic disorder?

A

Anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks

50
Q

How long will a panic attack last?

A

Anywhere from a few moments to an hour

51
Q

What often is a partner to anxiety?

A

Depression.

52
Q

Why is it very important to help people through panic attacks?

A

Because there is often much more going on then we can see.

53
Q

Diagnoses of anxiety disorders is based on what?

A

Observation, history, physical

54
Q

True or false:

There are no lab test to diagnose anxiety disorders.

A

True. Tests simply rule out physical issues.

55
Q

What are anxiolytics?

A

Antianxiety medication.

56
Q

What do anxiolytics have the ability to do?

A

Relieve anxiety.

57
Q

Are anxiolytics effective?

A

Yes.

58
Q

When should you begin to use anxiolytics?

A

When anxiety begins to significantly affect daily activities.

59
Q

What are the medications of choice for anxiety disorders?

A

Antidepressants

60
Q

Is antianxiety medication used sparingly?

A

Yes. Professionals prefer to use CBT.

61
Q

What type of antianxiety medication is recommended?

A

Benzodiazepines

62
Q

With benzodiazepines, what can happen if the drug is stopped abruptly?

A

The pt may experience withdrawal symptoms.

63
Q

After beginning psychotherapy why is pharmacological steps taken?

A

To control symptoms while patients is in therapy

64
Q

What are two other drugs beside anti-depressants and antianxiety medications can you take for anxiety disorders?

A

Beta blockers and antipsychotics

65
Q

What is the primary type of medication to reduce symptoms of panic and anxiety?

A

SSRI’s

66
Q

What is the prototype antidepressant drug?

A

Escitalopram oxalate (Lexapro)

67
Q

Wha is the action of escitalopram oxalate?

A

Increases availability of serotonin as specific postsynaptic receptor sites located within the CNS.

68
Q

What is the primary use of escitalopram oxalate?

A

Generalized anxiety and depression

69
Q

What are the adverse affects of Escitalopram oxalate??

A

Dizziness, nausea, insomnia, somnolence, confusion, seizures

70
Q

What is the prototype drug of Benzodiazepines?

A

Lorazepam

71
Q

What is Lorazepam’s action?

A

Binds to GABA receptor-chloride channel molecule, which intensifies GABA affects

72
Q

What is the primary use of lorazepam?

A

Anxiety disorders and insomnia

73
Q

What are the adverse affects of lorazepam?

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, respiratory depression

74
Q

What are some nonpharmacological therapies used for anixiety disorders?

A

CBT, herbal preparations (oils), massage, therapeutic light therapy, relaxation techniques, yoga, meditation, acupuncture, avoid caffeine.

75
Q

Anxiety in men is normally resolved in how long?

A

Within one year

76
Q

Anxiety in women is normally resolved within how long?

A

Within 4 years

77
Q

What are some interventions you can do to reduce the severity of symptoms:

A
  • establishing rapport
  • communicating therapeutically
  • enhancing coping skills (identifying maladaptive ones)
  • promoting health
  • providing a safe environment

Exam 4 (13 decks)

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