Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

WHat is the diff between fear & anxiety?

Answer 1

Fear - rxn to immediate danger; short-lived
Anxiety - anticipated problem; longer-lived

Question 2

What DSM criteria is anxiety dosrder? What are these 5 disorders?

Answer 2

DSM-5

panic disorder
Agoraphobia
Specific phobias
social anxiety disorer
General anxiety disorder

Question 3

What are the symptoms of anxiety disoders?

Answer 3

Core: Anxiety & worries

Assoc symptoms: fatigue, poor concentration, problems in sleep, irritability, muscle tension, phobic avoidance, compulsion

Question 4

What are the contirbuting factors to anxiety disorders?

Answer 4

Psycho-anaytic
Behavioral
Existential

Question 5

What is the psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 5

2 kinds:
Death wish
Life wish

If these are not expressed appropriately through either aggression, sports, or sexually, this libido gets stick & builds up —> anxiety

Result of a psychic condlict betw unconscious sexual or aggressive wishes with threats from the superego or external reality

Question 6

What are the diff behavioral theories

Answer 6

Avoidance conditioning
Modeling
Interoceptive conditioning
Fear-of-fear
Social skills deficits

Question 7

What is the modeling/social learning theory?

Answer 7

Fear may be learned through imitating the actions of others

Question 8

What is interoceptive conditioning?

Answer 8

Panic attacks are seen as clasically conditioning of the person to interna lbodily sensations of anxiety

Question 9

What are the causes of anxiety disorders accdg to anxiety phenotype?

Answer 9

Amygdala cetered circuit is hyperactive —> fear

Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop —> anxious misery, apprehensive expectation, obsessions

Question 10

What are the neurotransmitters that drive CSTC loop which is linked to “worry” symptoms?

Answer 10

Serotonin (5-HT)
Norepinephrine
Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 11

What part of the brain releases 5-HT/Serotonin?

Answer 11

Raphe nuclei

LOW levels of circulating 5-HT

Question 12

How does NRE mediate arousal?

Answer 12

1. Relays msges in the sympathetic NS (fight or flight)
2. Wakefulness and arousal to respond to stimuli —> vigilance

Question 13

What happens to NRE levels/secretion in anxiety disorders?

Answer 13

Dysregulated noradrenergic function —> INC sympathetic nervous system activity

Question 14

What happens to GABA that promotes anxiety disorders?

Answer 14

DEC GABA —> hyperarousa

Question 15

What disorder refers to recurrent unexpected panic attacks?

Answer 15

Panic disorders

Question 16

What are the 2 types of panic attack? What is the diff between them?

Answer 16

Cued - cause is known (situational trigger: phobia)
Uncued - recurrent in unexpected situations

Question 17

What are bioogical correlations of panic disorder in brain imaging?

Answer 17

Blood flow dysregulation in the hippocampus and amygdala

Question 18

What is then used to test for panic attacks where CO2, Na lactate & HCO3 INC CO2 and Lactate concentrations —> respiratory stimulation

Answer 18

Panicogens

Question 19

What are the 4 DSM-5 criter for panic disorder?

Answer 19

Crterion A, B, C & D

Question 20

What is the definition of Criterion A for DSM-5 Criter of panic disorder?

Answer 20

• Uncued panic attacks
• reaches peak within minutes
• 4 or more ff symptoms: palpitations, chest pains, shortness of breath, feelings of choking sweating, chills, trembling, dizziness, nausea, fear of losing control

Question 21

What is the definition of Criterion B for DSM-5 Criter of panic disorder?

Answer 21

atleast one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month of either persistent ceoncern or worry or change in behavior

Should last for 1 month

Question 22

What is the definition of Criterion C & D for DSM-5 Criter of panic disorder?

Answer 22

Not yet confirmed

Question 23

What is agarophobia?

Answer 23

Inability to flee anxiety-provokign situtations (ie crowds, stores, stores, malls, churches, trains, bridgets, etc)

Question 24

What are the criteria for Agoraphobia?

Answer 24

A, B, C, D, E, F & G

Question 25

What is the definition of Criterion A for Criteria for Agoraphobia?

Answer 25

Marked fear/anxiety in 2 or more of the situations: - waiting in line - being outside the house - traveling - being alone in a crowded area - being in an open space

Question 26

What is the definition of Criterion B for Agoraphobia?

Answer 26

Escape might be difficult and help might not be available

Question 27

What is the definition of Criterion C for Agoraphobia?

Answer 27

Situation almost always provoke fear/anxiety

Question 28

What is the definition of Criterion D for Agoraphobia?

Answer 28

Situations are actively avoided

Question 29

What is the definition of Criteria E of Agoraphobia?

Answer 29

Fear/anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger

Question 30

What is the definition of Criterion F for Agoraphobia?

Answer 30

Lasts for 6 mons

Question 31

What is the definition of CriterionG for Agoraphobia?

Answer 31

Causes impairment

Question 32

What is one of the most common mental disorders where there is a disrupting, fear-mediated avoidance that is out of proportion of the danger posed by a particular object?

Answer 32

Specific phobias

Question 33

What are the 5 criterias for specific phobia?

Answer 33

Criterion A-F

Question 34

What is the definition of Criterion A & B for Specific phobia?

Answer 34

Criterion: A = MARKED fear/anxiety abt a specific object/situation B = Object/situation almost always provoked immediate fear/anxiety

Question 35

What is the definition of Criterion C & D for Specific phobias?

Answer 35

Criterion: C = object/situation actively avoided/endured w/ intense fear/anxiety D = fear/anxiety is oUT OF PROPORTION TO THE DANGER POSED BY THE OBJECT

Question 36

What is the definition of Criterion E&F for Specific phobias?

Answer 36

Criterion: E = Fear, anxiety, or avoidance is PERSISTENT lasting 6 MONS OR MORE F = fear/anxiety causes CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS/IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING

Question 37

What is the fear of asymmetrical things?

Answer 37

Asymmetrophobia?

Question 38

What is the fear of books, children, garlic?

Answer 38

Books = BIBILIOPHOBIA Children = PEDOPHOBIA Garlic = ALLIUMPHOBIA

Question 39

What is the fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the moth? Technology? Mice? Pseudoscientific terms?

Answer 39

Peanut butter = ARACHIBUTYROphobia Technology = TECHNOphobia Mice = MUSOphobia Pseudoscientific terms = HELLENOphobia

Question 40

What is aka as social phobia where the perosn has persistent, irrational fears of being linked to the presence of other ppl?

Answer 40

Social anxiety disorders

Question 41

What are the differnet DSM-5 Criteria for social anxiety disorder?

Answer 41

Criterion A-G

Question 42

What is the definition of Criterion A & B for Social anxiety disorder?

Answer 42

A = fear/anxiety whre indiv is exposed to possible scrutiny by others B = infividual fears that he/she will act in a certain way they will be negatively evaluated

Question 43

What is the definition of Criterion C & D for Social anxiety disorder?

Answer 43

C = provokes fear/anxiety D = SS are avoided or endured w/ intense fear/anxiety

Question 44

What is the definition of Criterion E, F & G for Social anxiety disorder?

Answer 44

E = fear/anxiety is out of proportion ot the danger posed by the social situation F = persistent fear, anxiety, or avoidance that lasts 6 MONS OR MORE G = fear/anxiety/avoidance causes clinically significant distress/impairment in functioning

Question 45

What is one of the most common anxiety disorder that coexists with another mental disorder?

Answer 45

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 46

What are the DSM-5 criteria for GAD?

Answer 46

Criterion A-C

Question 47

What is the definition of Criterion A for GAD?

Answer 47

Excessive anxiety & worry abt # of events or activities -> NOT MORE THAN 6 MONTHS

Question 48

What is the definition of Criterion B & C of GAD?

Answer 48

B = individual finds it hard to control the worry C = anxiety & worry is associated with ATLEAST 3 OF THE FF: - restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge - being easily fatigued - difficulty concentrating/mind going blank - irritability - muscle tension - sleep disturbance