Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychiatry Exam 1 > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Fxn of amygdala

A

Processing emotionally salient stimuli (central in anxiety)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fxn of medial PFC

A

Includes ACC, subcallosal cortex, and medial frontal gyrus, modulates affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fxn of hippocampus

A

Memory encoding and retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psychodynamic model of anxiety

A

Anxiety is a signal of presence of danger in unconscious – result of psychic conflict between sexual/aggressive wishes and corresponding threats from superego or external reality (never verified)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Behavioral model of anxiety

A

Anxiety is a conditioned response to a specific stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cognitive behavioral model of anxiety

A

On top of behavioral model, also has to do with how one perceives threats (overpercieves danger and underestimates coping skills)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CBT is effective for…

A

Panic, social anxiety, PTSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Exposure therapy is effective for…

A

Agora and specific phobias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Exposure therapy + response prevention is effective for…

A

OCD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Medical conditions assc w anxiety

A

Endocrinopathies, cardiac, respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Medications that can cause anxiety

A

Corticosteroids, OCP, inhalers, decongestants, SSRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Drugs of abuse that can cause anxiety

A

CAFFEINE, cocaine, MJ, MDMA, alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

W/drawals assc. w anxiety

A

CAFFEINE, cocaine, MJ, alcohol, beta blockers, corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Panic attack criteria

A

Discreet period of intense fear/discomfort w/ 4+ of following developed quickly and peaking in minutes:

  • Palpitations, pounding heart
  • Sweating
  • Trembling, shaking
  • SOB or smothering
  • Choking feeling
  • Chest pain/discomfort
  • Dizziness
  • Abdominal distress
  • Chills/hot flashes
  • Feelings of unreality
  • Fear of losing control or going crazy
  • Fear of dying
  • Paresthesias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Panic Disorder criteria

A
  • Reccurent, unexpected panic attacks
  • At least 1 mo of persistent concern about another attack, worry about possible implications/consequences, or significant behavioral change re: to attacks
  • Panic attacks not due to physiologic effects of substance/med condition
  • Attacks not accounted for by another disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neurotransmitters involved in panic

A

NE, 5HT, GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neuroanatomy of panic

A

Brain stem: fires to create ANS symptoms
Amygdala/limbic system: anticipatory anxiety
PFC: phobic avoidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Panic Tx

A
  • Elimination of alcohol/drugs/caffeine/OTC stims etc from diet
  • CBT
  • SSRIs, Venlafaxine, TCAs, benzos
  • FDA APPROVED: Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Alprazolam, Clonazepam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Agoraphobia criteria

Study These Flashcards
A 
Marked fear/anxiety for 6+ mo about 2+:
- Public transportation
- Open spaces
- Encloses spaces
- Standing in line/in a crowd
- Being outside of the home alone
Because escape may be difficult or help unavailable
20
Q

Agoraphobia tx

Study These Flashcards
A

Exposure therapy, CBT (NO MEDS!)

21
Q

Specific phobia tx

Study These Flashcards
A

Systematic desensitization (delayed by alcohol)

22
Q

Social anxiety disorder criteria

Study These Flashcards
A

Fear/avoidance of social situations where individuals exposed to scrutiny by others – fears that they will act in a way or show anxiety –> negative evaluation; feared situations avoided or endured w/ extreme fear/anxiety and interferes w/ work, social, family activities; persists 6+ mos

23
Q

Social anxiety disorder tx

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Social skills training, behavior therapy
  • CBT
  • FDA APPROVED: Paroxetine, sertraline (SSRIS) and venlafaxine
24
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder criteria

Study These Flashcards
A

Excessive anxiety and worry more days than not for 6+ mos about many events that is difficult to control, 3+ of:

  • Restlessness/feeling keyed up or on edge
  • Easily fatigued
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Irritability
  • Muscle tension
  • Sleep disturbance

And causes significant distress/impairment

25
GAD Tx
Medications: Busipirone, benzos, antidepressants (SSRIs, venlafaxine, imipramine) CBT
26
PTSD Diagnostic criteria
Exposure to actual or threatened death in 1+ of the following: - Direct experiencing of event - Witnessed in person event as it occured to others - Learning event happened to someone close to them - Experiencing repeated/extreme exposure to aversive details of trauma After the event, 1+: - Recurrent, involuntary and intrusive memories of event - Recurrent trauma-related nightmares - Dissociative rxns - Intense physiological distress at cue exposure - Marked physiological reactivity at cue exposure Persistent avoidance by one or both: - Avoidance of distressing memories, thoughts, feelings of event - Avoidance of external reminders that arouse memories of event Negative alterations in mood assc w events as evidenced by 2+: - Inability to remember important aspect of event - Persistent distorted cognitions about cause/consequence of event that lead to blame of self or others - Persistent negative emotional state - Marked diminished interest - Feeling detached from others - Persistent inability to experience positive emotions Marked alterations in arousal/reactivity w/ 2+: - Irritable behavior and angry outbursts - Reckless/self-destructive behavior - Hypervigilence - Exaggerated startle response - Problems w/ concentration - Sleep disturbance Duration of disturbance is greater than 1mo and causes significant impairment in fxn
27
PTSD Specifiers
``` Dissociative symptoms (derealization or depersonalization) Delayed expression (don't meet criteria until >6mos after event) ```
28
Biologic considerations in PTSD
Increased activity of NE system and hyperregulation of HPA axis
29
PTSD Tx
CBT, exposure, trauma informed CBT Group therapy Medications -- antidepressants, mood stabilizers, beta blockers, clonidine, prazosin
30
Acute stress disorder criteria
>9 checks from PTSD features of intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal related to trauma, but duration is 3days to 1mo after trauma; significant impairment
31
Acute stress disorder tx
CBT...maybe beta blockers
32
Adjustment disorders criteria
Development of emotional/behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor w/in 3 mos of stressor Symptoms are clinically significant and evidenced by 1+ of: - Marked distress out of proportion to severity/intensity of stressor - Significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of fxning When stressor is terminated, symptoms do not last more than 6 mos
33
Adjustment disorder specifiers
W/ depressed mood: low mood, tearfulness/feelings of hopelessness predominant W/ anxiety: nervousness, worry, jitteriness, or separation anxiety predominant W/ mixed anxiety and depression: combination predominant W/ disturbance of conduct: DOC predominant W/ mixed disturbance of emotion and conduct
34
Adjustment disorder tx
Counseling/supportive therapy, crisis interventions, family/group therapy, CBT; pharmacotherapy for brief symptomatic tx of anxiety or sleep disturbance
35
OCD Criteria
Obsessions defined by: - Recurrent/persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced at some point during the disturbance as intrusive/unwanted and cause marked anxiety or distress - Individual attempts to ignore/suppress thoughts or neutralize them w/ other thought/action (i.e. compulsion) Compulsions as defined by: - Repetitive behaviors (e.g. hand washing) or mental acts (e.g. counting) that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession/according to rigidly applied rules - Behaviors/acts aimed at reducing disress or preventing some dreaded event or situation, but not connected realistically w/ what they're designed to fix or are excessive Obsessions/compulsions are time consuming or cause clinically significant distress/impairment in fxn Specify if w/ good/fair insight, poor insight, or absent insight
36
PANDAS
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropyschiatric Disorders Associated w Streptococcus infxns
37
OCD Tx
Behavioral: exposure + response prevention Pharmacotherapy: Comipramine and SSRIs Neurosurgery: cingulotomy (tx refractory), or capsulotomy
38
Body dismorphic disorder criteria
Preoccupation w perceived defect(s) or flaw(s) in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others At some point in course of disorder, repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to appearance concern Specify if good or fair or poor insight, w/ w/o delusional beliefs
39
BDD tx
CBT, SSRIs (not FDA app)
40
Hoarding disorder criteria
Persistent difficulty discarding/parting w/ possessions regardless of actual value Difficult is due to perceived need to save the items and distress assc w discarding them Possessions accumulate to congest/clutter libing areas and compromise intended use of areas
41
Hoarding disorder tx
Behavioral therapies, SSRIs (not FDA app)
42
Tricotillomania criteria
Recurrent pulling out of ones hair resulting in hair loss Repeated attempts to stop hair pulling
43
Trichotillomania perpetuating behaviors
Negative emotions -- hair pulling is a way of dealing w/ negative or uncomfortable feelings Positive reinforcement -- hair pulling provides sense of relief
44
Trichotillomania tx
Psychotherapies, no FDA indicated tx (maybe clomipramine or SSRIs)
45
Excoriation disorder criteria
Recurrent skin picking resulting in lesions Repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking
46
Excoriation disorder tx
CBT, acceptance and commitment therapy, no FDA app meds (but SSRI's -- fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and escitalopram)

Psychiatry Exam 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions