Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Flashcards
(38 cards)
What disorders fall under the category of anxiety disorders in the DSM 5
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Specific Phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Selective Mutism
Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Anxiety Disorder
Unspecified Anxiety Disorder
Changes from DSM IV to 5, for criteria for Anxiety Disorders
The chapter on anxiety disorders no longer includes ——————— and —————- as they have been put in their own chapters
The chapter on anxiety disorders no longer includes OCD and PTSD as they have been put in their own chapters
Changes from DSM IV to 5, for criteria for Anxiety Disorders
For specific phobia and social anxiety disorder(Social Phobia), which requirement has been deleted?
A person recognizes the anxiety is unreasonable has been deleted. Anxiety must be out of the proportion to actual danger taking cultural factors into account.
Changes from DSM IV to 5, for criteria for Anxiety Disorders
Social anxiety disorder now has a ———————- ——– specifier.
Changes from DSM IV to 5, for criteria for Anxiety Disorders
Social anxiety disorder now has a PERFORMANCE ONLY specifier.
Changes from DSM IV to 5, for criteria for Anxiety Disorders
The specifier with panic attacks can now be included with all ———— ———
The specifier with panic attacks can now be included with all DSM - 5 DISORDERS.
Changes from DSM IV to 5, for criteria for Anxiety Disorders
Panic disorder and ——— are no longer linked, they are considered two separate diagnosis when both are present.
Changes from DSM IV to 5, for criteria for Anxiety Disorders
Panic disorder and AGORAPHOBIA are no longer linked, they are considered two separate diagnosis when both are present.
Changes from DSM IV to 5, for criteria for Anxiety Disorders
Separation anxiety and ——————– are included in the chapter on anxiety disorders. Separation anxiety no longer requires onset before age ——–
Separation anxiety and SELECTIVE MUTISM are included in the chapter on anxiety disorders. Separation anxiety no longer requires onset before age 18
Q: What are Anxiety Disorders characterized by?
A: Anxiety Disorders are characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, and related behavioral disturbances, as per the DSM-5.
Q: What is Separation Anxiety Disorder characterized by?
A: Separation Anxiety Disorder involves excessive fear or anxiety about being separated from attachment figures, lasting at least four weeks in children and six months in adults, with symptoms causing significant distress or impaired functioning.
Q: What are common triggers for the development of Separation Anxiety Disorder?
A: It often develops after stressful events such as parental divorce, death of a relative, or loss of a pet, which can disrupt attachment bonds and trigger excessive fear of separation (APA, DSM-5).
Q: How does Separation Anxiety Disorder manifest in school-age children?
A: School refusal is a common manifestation, where children express physical symptoms and emotional distress to avoid going to school, often due to fear of separation from caregivers (James, Nelson, & Ashwill, 2013).
Q: What is the recommended treatment for Separation Anxiety Disorder?
A: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is highly effective, incorporating techniques like psychoeducation, gradual exposure, relaxation training, and cognitive restructuring to alleviate symptoms (Eisen, Raleigh, & Neuhoff, 2008).
Q: How can treatment outcomes for Separation Anxiety Disorder be improved in children?
A: Combining CBT with parent training is beneficial, as it helps parents support the child’s gradual exposure and coping strategies, enhancing overall treatment effectiveness (Eisen, Raleigh, & Neuhoff, 2008).
Q: What is Specific Phobia according to DSM-5?
A: Specific phobia involves intense fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation, leading to avoidance or endurance with distress. The fear must be out of proportion to the actual danger and persist for at least six months (APA, DSM-5).
Q: What are the types of specific phobia as per DSM-5 specifiers?
A: Types include animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, situational, or other specific fears. These categories specify the particular objects or situations that trigger phobic reactions (APA, DSM-5).
Q: What is Mowrer’s two-factor theory explaining the development of specific phobias?
A: It combines classical conditioning (pairing a neutral stimulus with an anxiety-provoking one) and operant conditioning (avoidance behavior negatively reinforced by anxiety reduction), perpetuating the phobic response (Mowrer, 1947).
Q: What is the recommended treatment for specific phobia?
A: Exposure therapy, including flooding (immediate exposure to feared stimuli) and graded exposure (gradual exposure to hierarchy of feared stimuli), is effective. Both in vivo (real-life) and virtual reality exposure are utilized, often combined with response prevention (Antony, Craske, & Barlow, 2006).
Q: How does applied tension enhance exposure therapy for blood-injection-injury phobia?
A: Applied tension involves tensing muscles to increase blood pressure, preventing fainting during exposure to feared stimuli, which is particularly effective for this subtype of specific phobia (APA, DSM-5).
Q: What characterizes Social Anxiety Disorder according to DSM-5?
A: Social Anxiety Disorder is characterized by a fear or anxiety reaction to at least one social situation where the person may be exposed to scrutiny by others. The person fears that they will exhibit symptoms that will be negatively evaluated, leading to avoidance or enduring the situation with intense fear or anxiety (APA, DSM-5).
Q: What are the diagnostic criteria and typical treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder?
A: The fear or anxiety must be excessive for the actual threat, persistent (lasting at least six months), and cause significant distress or impaired functioning. Treatment usually involves cognitive behavior therapy with exposure and response prevention, potentially combined with an SSRI, SNRI, or beta-blocker (APA, DSM-5).
Q: What are the key diagnostic criteria for Panic Disorder according to DSM-5?
A: Panic Disorder involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks with at least one attack followed by one month or more of persistent concern about additional attacks or their consequences and/or significant undesirable behavior changes related to the attack. A panic attack is defined as an abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort reaching a peak within minutes, involving at least four of 13 symptoms (e.g., heart palpitations, sweating, fear of losing control or dying) (APA, DSM-5).
Q: What are common treatment approaches for Panic Disorder?
A: Treatment often includes cognitive-behavioral interventions such as panic control treatment, which combines interoceptive exposure with relaxation and other symptom control techniques. Interoceptive exposure involves deliberately exposing the person to physical symptoms associated with panic attacks (e.g., running in place). Some antidepressants (e.g., imipramine) and benzodiazepines are also used but are associated with a high relapse rate when used alone (Barlow et al., 1989).
Q: What are the key diagnostic criteria for Agoraphobia according to DSM-5?
A: Agoraphobia involves marked fear or anxiety in at least two of five situations: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, and being outside the home alone. The fear or avoidance is due to concern that escape will be difficult or help unavailable if panic symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms occur. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance must be excessive for the actual threat, persistent (lasting at least six months), and cause significant distress or impaired functioning.
Q: What is the first-line treatment for Agoraphobia, and what has research indicated about its effectiveness?
A: The first-line treatment for agoraphobia is in vivo exposure and response prevention. Graded exposure is most commonly used, but intense (non-graded) exposure is also effective and may have better long-term effects. Research indicates that combining in vivo exposure with applied relaxation, breathing retraining, or cognitive techniques does not significantly improve outcomes, and the key contributor to effectiveness is learning to tolerate high levels of fear and anxiety (Barlow, Conklin, & Bentley, 2015).
