Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Flashcards
(35 cards)
Changes from DSM IV to 5 on Bipolar Disorder diagnostic criteria now include
Changes in mood and changes in activity/energy. New specifiers of “with mixed features” and with anxious distress have been added.
Changes from DSM IV to 5 on Depressive Disorders
A new diagnosis of Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder has been added for children up to 18 years who exhibit persistent irritability and episodes of behavioral dyscontrol. This came out of concern of over diagnosing children with Bipolar Disorder
Changes from DSM IV to 5 on Depressive Disorders
Changes from DSM IV to 5 on Depressive Disorders
————— Dysphoric Disorder is a new added diagnosis
Prementrual Dysphoric Disorder is a new added diagnosis
Changes from DSM IV to 5 on Depressive Disorders
Dysthymia has been Subsumed under ——————— which also includes persistent major depressive disorder.
Dysthymia has been Subsumed under PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER which also includes persistent major depressive disorder.
Changes from DSM IV to 5 on Depressive Disorders
A major depressive episode with at least three manic symptoms is typed as ————– ——– ———-
Changes from DSM IV to 5 on Depressive Disorders
A major depressive episode with at least three manic symptoms is typed as WITH MIXED FEATURES
Changes from DSM IV to 5 on Depressive Disorders
The exclusion that major depressive disorder could not be diagnosed until at least 2 months after loss associated with ————–has been removed.
The exclusion that major depressive disorder could not be diagnosed until at least 2 months after loss associated with BEREAVMENT has been removed.
Q: What are the key characteristics of a manic episode?
A: A manic episode involves an abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased activity or energy for at least one week. It includes three or more symptoms such as inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, and flight of ideas. It causes marked impairment in functioning, may require hospitalization to avoid harm, and/or includes psychotic features.
Q: How is a hypomanic episode different from a manic episode?
A: A hypomanic episode also involves an abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood; increased activity or energy; and three or more symptoms of mania for at least four consecutive days. However, symptoms are not severe enough to cause marked impairment in functioning, do not require hospitalization, and do not include psychotic features.
Q: What are the criteria for a major depressive episode?
A: A major depressive episode requires five or more characteristic symptoms, with at least one being depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in most or all activities. Symptoms must last for at least two weeks and cause significant distress and/or impaired functioning.
Q: What is required for a diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder?
A: At least one manic episode that may or may not have been preceded or followed by one or more major depressive or hypomanic episodes.
Q: What is required for a diagnosis of Bipolar II Disorder?
A: At least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode.
Q: What is required for a diagnosis of Cyclothymic Disorder?
A: Numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods of depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, lasting at least two years for adults or one year for children and adolescents.
Q: What are the key hereditary findings related to Bipolar Disorder?
A: Twin, family, and adoption studies have confirmed a strong genetic component, with concordance rates of .67 to 1.0 for monozygotic twins and about .20 for dizygotic twins.
Q: Which neurotransmitters are linked to Bipolar Disorder?
A: Norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate.
Q: What brain abnormalities are associated with Bipolar Disorder?
A: Structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and basal ganglia.
Q: What circadian rhythm irregularities are linked to Bipolar Disorder?
A: Abnormalities in the sleep-wake cycle, hormone secretion, appetite, and core body temperature.
Q: What are some evidence-based psychosocial interventions for Bipolar Disorder?
A: Family focused therapy, psychoeducation, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, and cognitive-behavior therapy.
Q: What pharmacotherapy is usually most effective for “classic Bipolar Disorder”?
A: Lithium.
Q: What pharmacotherapy is usually most effective for “atypical Bipolar Disorder”?
A: Anticonvulsant and second-generation antipsychotic drugs.
Q: What is required for a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder?
A: Five or more symptoms of a major depressive episode for at least two weeks, with at least one symptom being depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in most or all activities.
Q: What is required for a diagnosis of Persistent Depressive Disorder?
A: A depressed mood with two or more characteristic symptoms (e.g., poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, feelings of hopelessness) for at least two years in adults or one year in children and adolescents.
Q: What is required for a diagnosis of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder?
A: Severe and recurrent temper outbursts that are verbal and/or behavioral, grossly out of proportion to the situation, occurring three or more times each week, and a persistently irritable or angry mood observable to others most of the day nearly every day for at least 12 months.
Q: What are the DSM-5 specifiers for Major Depressive Disorder?
A: With peripartum onset and with seasonal pattern. Peripartum onset applies to symptoms during pregnancy or within four weeks after delivery. Seasonal pattern applies to mood episodes related to a specific time of year, typically winter.
