Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry > Anxiolytics / Hypnotics > Flashcards

Anxiolytics / Hypnotics Flashcards

1
Q

Benzo MOA =

A

GABA potentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Benzo Indications =

A
  • Acute anxiety
  • Panic disorder
  • EtOH withdrawal
  • Muscle spasm
  • Sleep disorders
  • Anesthesia induction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diazepam

  • Half-life =
  • Onset =
  • Indications
A

Half life = Long acting

Onset = Rapid

Indications:

  • Detox from EtOH
  • Seizures
  • Rarely anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clonazepam

  • Half-life =
  • Avoid if patient has…
  • Indications
A

Half life = Long acting

Avoid if patient has…
- Renal dysfunction

Indications:

  • Anxiety
  • Panic Attacks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alprazolam

  • Indications
  • Half life
  • Onset of action
A
  • Anxiety and panic attacks
  • Intermediate half life
  • Rapid onset of action
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lorazepam

  • Indications
  • Half life
  • Metabolism
A
  • Panic attacks; EtOH withdrawal; agitation
  • Intermediate
  • Not metabolized by liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oxazepam

  • Indications
  • Metabolism
A
  • EtOH withdrawal

- Not metabolized by liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Triazolam

  • Indications
  • Issues
A
  • Insomina in the medical setting

- Short acting, rapid onset makes it a big abuse issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Midazolam

  • Indications
  • Issues
A
  • Insomina in the medical setting

- Short acting, rapid onset makes it a big abuse issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Benzos side effects =

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Impairment of intellectual function
  • Reduced motor coordination
  • Anterograde amnesia
  • Withdrawal can be life threatening
  • Repiratory depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The most important non-benzo hypnotics =

A
  • Zolpidem
  • Zaleplon
  • Eszopiclone
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Chloral hydrate
  • Ramelteon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Zolpidem

  • MOAt
  • Indications
  • Tolerance / Dependence risk
  • Side Effects
A

MOA = selective binding to benzo-1 receptor, which is responsible for sedation

Indications = Insomnia

Tolerance / Dependence risk = Low

Side Effects =

  • Anterograde Amnesia
  • Halluncinations
  • Sleepwalking
  • GI side effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Zaleplon

  • MOA
  • Indications
  • Tolerance / Dependence risk
  • Side Effects
A

MOA = selective binding to benzo-1 receptor, which is responsible for sedation

Indications = Insomnia

Tolerance / Dependence risk = Low

Side Effects =

  • Anterograde Amnesia
  • Halluncinations
  • Sleepwalking
  • GI side effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Eszopiclone

  • MOA
  • Indications
  • Tolerance / Dependence risk
  • Side Effects
A

MOA = selective binding to benzo-1 receptor, which is responsible for sedation

Indications = Insomnia

Tolerance / Dependence risk = Low

Side Effects =

  • Anterograde Amnesia
  • Halluncinations
  • Sleepwalking
  • GI side effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diphenhydramine

  • MOA
  • Side Effects
A

MOA = anti-histamine

Side Effects =

  • Sedation
  • Dry Mouth
  • Constipation
  • Urinary retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chloral Hydrate

  • Commonly prescribed?
  • Lethal? How?
A
  • No, due to poor side effect profile

- Lethal in overdose due to hepatic failure

17
Q

Ramelteon

  • MOA =
A

MT1 and MT2 agonist (melatonin)

18
Q

Buspirone

  • Class
  • MOA
  • Indications
  • Onset
  • Pros
  • Cons
A
  • Non-benzo anxiolytic
  • 5HT-1A partial agonist
  • Anxiety (in combo with an SSRI)
  • 1-2 week onset
  • Does not potentiate the CNS depression of EtOH
  • Slow onset
19
Q

Hydroxyzine

  • Class
  • Indications
  • Side Effects
A
  • Antihistamine anxiolytic
  • Good for quick acting anxiolysis in ptns who can’t have benzos
  • Sedation, blurry vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
20
Q

Barbituates

  • Rarely used now because…
A

They are more lethal than benzos

21
Q

Propanolol

  • Indications
A
  • Blocking autonomic features of anxiety

- Akathisia

22
Q

Prazosin indications and MOA:

A

Prazosin is the first line agent for nightmares associated with PTSD.

It is an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist

23
Q

Issue with benzos and elderly patients =

A

elderly patients are particularly sensitive to the effects of benzos, and therefore you shouldn’t be increasing the doses of benzos in elderly patients in delirium.

24
Q

Best drug to use in elderly demented patient who needs help falling asleep:

A
  • Trazodone

This is a serotonergic agent which can be used to help patients with sleeping problems.

25
Q

What to be careful of when giving trazodone to elderly patients:

A

Since trazodone has some anti-adrenergic properties, it can cause orthostatic hypotension.

Therefore you should be careful giving this drug to elderly patients who are at a higher risk of falling anyhow.

26
Q

Quetiapine in elderly patients:

A

This is not recommended for elderly patients–in fact–all 2nd generation antipsychotics there is a risk of sudden death in elderly patients. Therefore they are usually avoided.

27
Q

Best drug to use for middle insomnia and why?

A

Zaleplon, since it has a shorter half life than the other non-benzo hypnotics.

28
Q

Which anxiolytics will not interact with warfarin, and are therefore relatively safe to give to patients on anticoagulation?

A

Benzodiazepines

Psychiatry (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions